Rigar Harsashi Na Hanyar Ci gaba
A matsayin muhimmin kayan kariya na sirri, rigar harsashi ta sami sauye-sauye daga garkuwar sulke na ƙarfe zuwa abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, kuma daga sassauƙan kayan roba zuwa kayan roba da farantin sulke na ƙarfe, fatunan yumbu da sauran tsarin haɓaka tsarin.Za a iya gano samfurin makaman ɗan adam tun zamanin da, al'ummar asali don hana jiki ya ji rauni, yana da ƙwayar fiber na halitta azaman kayan kula da ƙirji.Haɓaka makaman da ke tilasta wa ɗan adam sulke dole ne ya sami ci gaba daidai.A farkon ƙarshen karni na 19, siliki da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sulke na zamanin da a Japan kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin rigar harsashi na Amurka.
A cikin 1901, bayan da aka kashe Shugaba William McKenley, rigar kariya ta Bullet ta jawo hankalin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.Ko da yake wannan Bulletproof rigar iya hana low-gudun bindiga harsasai (gudun 122 m / s), amma ba zai iya hana bindiga harsasai.Don haka, a cikin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, an sami masana'anta na fiber na halitta don suturar tufafi, tare da ƙarfe na sulke na jiki.Tufafin siliki mai kauri ya taɓa kasancewa babban ɓangaren sulke na jiki.Duk da haka, siliki a cikin ramuka metamorphic da sauri, wannan lahani tare da iyakacin ƙarfin harsashi da tsadar siliki, ta yadda a karon farko a cikin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya sha wahala daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka na sanyi, ba na duniya ba.
A cikin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, mutuwar shrapnel ya karu da kashi 80%, yayin da kashi 70% na waɗanda suka jikkata suka mutu sakamakon raunin gangar jikin.Kasashen da suka halarci taron, musamman Birtaniya da Amurka sun fara yin kasa a gwiwa wajen samar da makamai masu linzami.A cikin Oktoba 1942, Burtaniya ta fara haɓaka da farantin karfe uku na manganese wanda ya haɗa da rigar harsashi.A cikin 1943, gwajin da Amurka ta yi da kuma yin amfani da sulke na yau da kullun akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan 23.Wannan lokacin kayan sulke na jiki zuwa karfe na musamman a matsayin babban abin hana harsashi.A cikin watan Yunin 1945, sojojin Amurka sun yi nasarar kera gawa na aluminium da nailan mai ƙarfi na haɗe da rigar harsashi, samfurin M12 na baƙar fata harsashi.Nailan 66 (sunan kimiyya polyamide 66 fiber) wani fiber ne na roba wanda aka samo shi a lokacin, kuma ƙarfin karyewarsa (gf / d: gram / denier) ya kasance 5.9 zuwa 9.5, kuma modules na farko (gf / d) ya kasance 21 zuwa 58, Ƙayyadadden nauyin 1.14 g / (cm) 3, ƙarfinsa kusan sau biyu na fiber auduga.A cikin Yaƙin Koriya, Sojojin Amurka suna sanye da T52 cikakken sulke na Nylon da aka yi da nailan mai Layer Layer 12, yayin da rundunar Marine Corps ke sanye da rigar M1951 mai “tsawon tsayi” FRP mai nauyi mai nauyin 2.7 zuwa 3.6. kg tsakanin.Nailan a matsayin albarkatun kasa na makamai na jiki na iya samar da wani mataki na kariya ga sojoji, amma mafi girma, nauyin kuma har zuwa 6 kg.
A farkon shekarun 1970, an samar da wani babban ƙarfi, ultra high modules, high zafin jiki na roba fiber - Kevlar (Kevlar) na Amurka DuPont (DuPont) ya ɓullo da, kuma nan da nan a cikin filin na harsashi da aka yi amfani da.Fitowar wannan fiber mai fa'ida yana sa aikin suturar masana'anta mai laushi da harsashi ya inganta sosai, amma har ma da yawa don haɓaka sassaucin rigar harsashi.Sojojin Amurka sun jagoranci yin amfani da Kevlar kera sulke na jiki, kuma sun haɓaka nauyin samfuran biyu.Sabuwar sulke na jiki zuwa masana'anta fiber Kevlar a matsayin babban kayan zuwa rigar nailan harsashi don ambulaf.Ɗayan sulke na jiki ya ƙunshi yadudduka shida na Kevlar masana'anta, matsakaicin nauyi 3.83 kg.Tare da tallace-tallace na Kevlar, kyakkyawan kyakkyawan aikin Kevlar ya sanya shi yadu a cikin sulke na soja.Nasarar Kevlar da kuma fitowar Twaron, Spectra da kuma amfani da shi a cikin sulke na jiki sun haifar da karuwar riguna masu hana harsashi na software da ke da manyan filayen yadi, wanda ikonsa bai iyakance ga bangaren Soja ba, kuma a hankali ya fadada. ga 'yan sanda da 'yan siyasa.
Duk da haka, ga harsasai masu sauri, musamman ma harsasai da aka harba, sulke masu taushi zalla har yanzu ba su da ƙarfi.Don wannan, mutane sun ƙera kayan sulke na jiki mai laushi da wuya, kayan haɗin fiber a matsayin ƙarfafan panel ko allo, don haɓaka ƙarfin jujjuyawar harsashi gaba ɗaya.A taƙaice, haɓaka kayan sulke na zamani ya haifar da ƙarni uku: ƙarni na farko na riguna masu hana harsashi na hardware, galibi da ƙarfe na musamman, aluminum da sauran ƙarfe don kayan hana harsashi.Irin wannan nau'in makamai na jiki yana da alaƙa da: tufafi masu nauyi, yawanci game da 20 kg, sanye da rashin jin daɗi, manyan ƙuntatawa akan ayyukan ɗan adam, tare da wani nau'i na aikin harsashi, amma mai sauƙi don samar da gutsuttsura na biyu.
Ƙarni na biyu na sulke na jiki don kayan aikin software na jiki, yawanci ta Kevlar mai yawan Layer da sauran masana'anta masu girma da aka yi da fiber.Nauyinsa mai sauƙi, yawanci kawai 2 zuwa 3 kg, kuma nau'in ya fi laushi, dacewa yana da kyau, sawa kuma ya fi dacewa, sanya mafi kyawun ɓoyewa, musamman ga 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro ko 'yan siyasa na amfani da kullun yau da kullum.A cikin iyawar harsashi, janar na iya hana nisan mita 5 daga harsashin harbin bindiga, ba zai haifar da shrapnel na biyu ba, amma harsashin ya sami nakasar da ta fi girma, na iya haifar da wani rauni mara shiga.Har ila yau, ga bindigogi ko bindigogi masu harba harsasai, gabaɗayan kauri na sulke na sulke na jiki yana da wuyar tsayayya.Ƙarni na uku na sulke na jiki shine haɗakar makamai na jiki.Yawancin lokaci tare da yumbu mai haske kamar Layer na waje, Kevlar da sauran masana'anta na fiber mai girma a matsayin Layer na ciki, shine babban jagoran ci gaba na makamai na jiki.