Fasahar Tsaro——Nazarin Gwaji Na Ƙarfin Haɗin Harsashi Na Kevlar, Nauyi Daban-daban Da Yawan Yadudduka, Tare da 9mm Projectiles

2.1.Ballistic gel

An yi gel ɗin ballistic daga gelatin mara kyau.Yawa da daidaiton gel ɗin dole ne su kasance daidai da wanda Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) ke amfani da shi.Don cimma daidaito iri ɗaya, umarnin da aka bayar a cikin Ref.[30] an bi kuma an gwada shi bisa ka'idojin da aka kwatanta a cikin Ref.[31].

Kofuna 8 (250 ml) na gelatine foda mara kyau (kimanin 1.25 kg) an haxa shi da 8 L na ruwa (1 part gelatine ga kowane 4 sassa na ruwa) har sai duk foda an narkar da.Bayan an zuba maganin a cikin kwantena (ana amfani da kwantena 2 × 5 L don cakuda na sama), 5 saukad da man mai mai mahimmanci (manyan kirfa mai mahimmanci) an zuba a kan maganin kuma a hankali a hankali a ciki.Dalilin mahimmancin man fetur shine don ba da izinin kumfa a cikin bayani don tarwatsawa, da kuma ba da gel ɗin ballistic wani ingantaccen ƙanshi.An saita maganin a cikin kwantena da aka sanya a cikin firiji.An shirya gel ɗin ballistic don yin amfani da sa'o'i 36 bayan an yi shi sannan an nannade shi a cikin nannade cellophane.Bidiyo da ke nuna cikakkun bayanai don yin gel ballistic yana samuwa dagahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nLWqJauFEw.

An ƙididdige yawan adadin gel ɗin ballistic a matsayin 996 km/m3(99.6% na yawan ruwa).Matsakaicin adadin jinin ɗan adam, mai da tsoka [32], wanda shine daidaito na jikin mutum, shine 1004 kg / m3.Bambanci na 0.8% a cikin yawa ana ɗaukarsa azaman karɓuwa ga gel ballistic don yin kwafin naman jikin ɗan adam.

2.2.Kevlar samfurori

An yi amfani da ma'auni uku na Kevlar masana'anta a cikin gwaje-gwajen, wato, 160 GSM, 200 GSM da 400 GSM.Tunda ana iya amfani da Kevlar azaman kayan sakawa, ana iya amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin kayan a cikin daidaitawar 0-90.An tattara samfuran tare da daidaitawar -45 / + 45 (quasi-isotropic) wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarin kuzari akan tasiri fiye da daidaitawar 0-90 da aka tattara akan juna.33].Samfurin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwajen an yi su a cikin nau'i-nau'i na 3 inda kowane samfurin ya kasance a cikin tsari na 90 / ± 45/90.Lokacin da aka sanya samfurori biyu ko uku a saman juna, an yi haka don sanya Layer na karshe na samfurin daya a 45 ° zuwa Layer na gaba na samfurin na gaba.

An raba zanen gadon Kevlar kuma an yanke su zuwa manyan zanen A4 don shirya su don haɗa su tare ta amfani da resin epoxy da aka ba da shawarar.An bar samfuran su bushe.An yanke samfuran bayan an saita resin kuma an kulle juna kuma an sanya su cikin wuri don gwaje-gwajen.

Anyi gwajin ballistic ta hanyar amfani da harsasai iri-iri guda biyu, wato, cikakken jaket na ƙarfe (FMJ) da jakunkunan hollow point (JHP) na 9mm Parabellum (P ko Para a takaice).Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don gwada samfuran an bayyana ta gaba:

• 1)

• An saita chronograph na bindiga don auna saurin harsashi.An sanya jadawalin tarihin nisan mita 2 daga bakin makami don hana harshen wuta don ba da karatun da ba daidai ba.

• 2)

• An yi gwajin tushe don tantance saurin harsashi kai tsaye cikin gel ɗin ballistic.Ma'aunin makamashin motsi
  E=(1/2)mv2

  an yi amfani da shi don ƙayyade makamashi da nisa na shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic.

• 3)

• TheKevlarSannan an sanya samfuran a gaban gel ɗin ballistic kuma an sanya wannan nisa da 1 m daga tarihin lokaci.Dalilin nisa na 1 m shine maimaita mafi munin yanayin inda aka harbe mutum ko abu a nesa kusa.

• 4)

• An harba samfurin tare da majigi yana tafiya ta cikin chronograph don tantance saurin sa na farko.Bayan haka, ana shigar da samfurin kuma an sanya ma'aunin a cikin gel ɗin ballistic.An yi amfani da saurin gwaje-gwajen don samun wanimatsakaicin gudukaranta wanda aka yi amfani da shi don sabunta ƙima a mataki na 2.

• 5)

• An auna nisa na shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic kuma an rubuta shi.

• 6)

• An maimaita mataki na 2 don kowane nau'in harsasai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwajen.Mataki na 3 zuwa mataki na 5 an maimaita shi ga kowane samfurin Kevlar.An sake maimaita gwaji tare da takamaiman harsasai idan injin ɗin bai yi tafiya kai tsaye a cikin gel ɗin ballistic ba, ko kuma idan ya shiga cikin samfurin Kevlar a cikin yankin da ake ganin ba ya da kyau sosai.

Tare da samfuran Layer 3, 9mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles sun yi tafiya kaɗan kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da yanayin da babu Kevlar.Matsakaicin maƙasudin ya yi tafiya mai zurfi idan aka kwatanta da babu shari'ar Kevlar.Jirgin Parabellum mai tsawon mm 9 (lamba 4) bai yi lahani da yawa ba, amma jaket ɗin tagulla ya fara tsage kayan aikin.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar tare da yadudduka 6 na 160 GSM Kevlar sun nuna cewa 9mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles ya ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da babu gwajin shigar Kevlar mai lamba 4 wanda ke kusan nisa ɗaya da na injin FMJ.

Tare da 9 yadudduka na 160 GSM Kevlar, madaidaicin nisan tafiya ta hanyar projectiles a cikin gel ya nuna cewa lambobi 1, 3 da 4 sun ci gaba bayan sun wuce ta 9 yadudduka na 160 GSM Kevlar, idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin da aka harba a cikin ballistic. gel (babu Kevlar).

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi tare da yadudduka 12 na 160 GSM Kevlar sun nuna cewa duk na'urori suna nuna raguwar yanayin zurfin shiga idan aka kwatanta da yadudduka 9.

Kamar yadda aka gani aHoto 3, Zurfin shigar da kayan aikin yana canzawa da zurfi yayin da adadin yadudduka ya karu, duk da haka ana ganin raguwa daga 9 zuwa 12 layers a duk lokuta.An lura cewa ramukan ma'ana sun shiga cikin kevlar yadudduka kuma a cikin tsari an toshe madaidaicin wuri tare da kayan Kevlar.Da zarar waɗannan madaidaicin madaidaicin ma'auni sun isa gel ɗin ballistic, suna yin daidai da tsarin aikin FMJ.Saboda dalilin da aka ambata a sama tare da samfurori na Kevlar da aka yi amfani da su, masu zane-zane sun kara shiga cikin gel ballistic idan aka kwatanta da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi ba tare da Kevlar ba.Da zarar isassun yadudduka na Kevlar suka shiga don sha isasshiyar makamashi, injin ya nuna halayen raguwar shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic.An lura da wannan halayyar a cikin sauran gwaje-gwaje, tare da ma'auni daban-daban na Kevlar kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda.

3.4.200 GSMKevlar

An yi gwajin Kevlar GSM 200 tare da samfurori na 3, 6, 9, 12 da 15.Tunda 200 GSM Kevlar ana yawan amfani dashi don rigar harsashi, an yanke shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje tare da yadudduka 15.Ana nuna sakamakon shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic a cikiHoto 4.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi tare da yadudduka 3 na 200 GSM Kevlar sun nuna cewa 9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles sun shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic kuma nisan da suka yi idan aka kwatanta da babu Kevlar case ba a rage ba.9mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles sun fito kamar yadda aka zata, kuma lamba ta 9 mm Parabellum projectile 4 ta sanya jaket ɗin tagulla a cikin gel ɗin ballistic, duk da haka aikin jagorar ya ci gaba kuma ya tsaya kamar yadda aka rubuta a ciki.Hoto 4.

Tare da yadudduka 6 na 200 GSM Kevlar, an lura cewa nisan shigar projectile 1 a cikin gel ɗin ballistic ya ragu yayin da projectiles 2, 3 da 4 suka ƙara shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic idan aka kwatanta da babu shari'ar Kevlar.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi tare da yadudduka 9 na 200 GSM Kevlar sun nuna cewa lamba 2 ta kara tafiya cikin gel ɗin ballistic idan aka kwatanta da babu Kevlar case.An lura cewa majigi 3 da 4 sun toshe Kevlar a cikin rami wanda ya hana shi yin naman kaza.Projectiles 3 da 4 sun kara tafiya zuwa cikin gel ballistic bayan sun shiga yadudduka 9 na 200 GSM Kevlar idan aka kwatanta da babu shari'ar Kevlar.

Tare da gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar tare da yadudduka 12 na 200 GSM Kevlar, an lura cewa 9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles, lamba 1 da 2, suna da kai mai faɗi bayan sun shiga.Matsakaicin lamba 4, ko da yake ba a cika naman kaza da yawa tare da katange madaidaicin wuri tare da Kevlar ba, an fi karkata a kai.Matsakaicin lamba 3 bai yi naman kaza da yawa ba, amma akwai shaidar ƙarshen kan da ya lalace.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi tare da yadudduka 15 na 200 GSM Kevlar, suna da duka na'urorin FMJ da ke nuna alamun naman kaza.Lambobin ƙira 1 da 2 suna nuna raguwar zurfin shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic idan aka kwatanta da babu shari'ar Kevlar.A halin da ake ciki yanzu, matakan Kevlar sun dakatar da projectiles 3 da 4.

Kamar yadda aka gani aHoto 4, Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin maki, da alama yana nuna madaidaicin gradient na raguwar shiga cikin gel ɗin ballistic don faruwa, da zarar an kai ganiya a kusan 6 layers na 200 GSM Kevlar.200 GSM Kevlar yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki idan aka kwatanta da 160 GSM Kevlar, kamar yadda aka sa ran.A 15 yadudduka na 200 GSM Kevlar, projectiles lamba 3 da 4 an dakatar da su, amma ba projectiles lamba 1 da 2. Bayan matsakaita gradient, an kiyasta cewa projectiles lamba 1 da 2 za a daina amfani da yiwuwar 18 da 21 layers. 200 GSM Kevlar, bi da bi.

• An yi gwajin 400 GSM Kevlar ta amfani da samfurori na 3, 6, 9 da 12, kamar yadda sakamakon da aka nuna a ciki ya nuna.Hoto 5.

4. Nazari da tattaunawa na sakamako

Hoto 6yana nuna kwatankwacin zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji daban-daban zuwa 3 yadudduka na 160 GSM, 200 GSM da 400 GSM Kevlar.Kamar yadda aka gani aHoto 6, tare da 9mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles, 3 yadudduka na 200 GSM Kevlar sun dakatar da majigi a cikin mafi ɗan gajeren nesa.3 yadudduka na 400 GSM da 160 GSM Kevlar sun dakatar da projectiles 1 da 2 mafi yawa, bi da bi.

Hoto 7,Hoto 9nuna cewa babu irin wannan sifofi tare da mabambantan projectiles don lambobi daban-daban guda biyu na yadudduka na GSM iri ɗaya.Misali shine Layer 12 na 200 GSM Kevlar da 6 layers na 400 GSM Kevlar.Duk waɗannan samfuran suna da jimlar 2400 GSM Kevlar kowanne.Lokacin kwatanta waɗannan samfurori guda biyu daban-daban, ba sa rage nisa na ma'auni da irin wannan adadin.Ana iya lura da irin wannan alaƙa da ƙarshe daga yadudduka 3 na 400 GSM Kevlar da 6 yadudduka na 200 GSM Kevlar.Kowane ɗayan waɗannan lokuta yana da samfuran GSM 1200, amma ba su da halaye iri ɗaya a cikin sakamakon.

Matsakaicin lanƙwasa don tsinkaya 1 da 2, wanda aka nuna a cikiHoto 4, suna nuna cewa majiyoyin za su tsaya tare da 6 da 7 mahara na 3 yadudduka na 200 GSM Kevlar, bi da bi (watau 18 da 21 layers na 200 GSM Kevlar).Akwai yanayin da ya kai kusan ninki biyu na adadin yadudduka na Kevlar wanda ake buƙata, idan aka kwatanta da ainihin Kevlar da ya lalace don dakatar da injin.Tare da 18 da 21 yadudduka na 200 GSM Kevlar, zai haifar da projectiles 1 da 2 su tsaya a cikin kusan 9 da 10 layers na Kevlar.Wannan adadin yadudduka ya yi daidai da adadin yadudduka na Kevlar waɗanda ke samuwa a kasuwa ta Kevlar-kawai rigar harsashi.

Wasu abubuwa don ambaton ku:

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-vip-police-concealable-light-weight.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/high-quality-military-use-tactical-armor.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-ballistic-nij-iiia-pe-or-kevlar.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/bulletproof-vest-fdy3r-sk15.html

Bidiyo don bayanin ku:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zc-HYAXSaqs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtBaebU7CTw

5. Ƙarshe

Kwatanta 160 GSM, 200 GSM da 400 GSMKevlarA ƙarƙashin tasirin ballistic an yi tare da gwaje-gwajen ballistic da aka yi tare da ammonium 9 mm Parabellum kuma tare da adadi daban-daban na yadudduka na Kevlar.An lura cewa ƴan yadudduka na Kevlar ba su da tasiri wajen dakatar da majigi, sai dai suna tilasta majiyoyin su kara tafiya cikin gel ɗin ballistic.Sai kawai da zarar adadin adadin ya karu, an lura da raguwar shigar da tsinkaya a cikin gel ɗin ballistic.Dalilin wannan kololuwar shiga, musamman tare da ramukan ma'auni, ya kasance saboda ramin da ke cike da kayan Kevlar da sanya shi yin aikin FMJ.Irin wannan matsakaita mara kyau na gradients an lura tsakanin FMJ da fa'ida mai fa'ida, da zarar an kai ga kololuwar.

Takaitacciyar gudunmawar wannan takarda, ana iya ƙarewa:

• 1)

• An bincika tasirin yadudduka daban-daban na 160 GSM, 200 GSM da maki 400 na GSM na Kevlar da aka yi da gel ɗin ballistic, kuma an gano cewa 200 GSM Kevlar ya fi tasiri don dakatar da aikin 9mm Parabellum projectile.

• 2)

• An gano cewa babu wata alaƙa ta layi tsakanin nau'ikan Kevlar iri biyu masu ma'auni daban-daban (kamar 200 GSM da 400 GSM Kevlar), wanda aka shimfiɗa ta yadda suke da nauyin haɗin gwiwa iri ɗaya.

• 3)

• An gwada nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 9 mm 9, kuma an gano zurfin shigarsu cikin gel ɗin ballistic don nau'ikan Kevlar daban-daban.

• 4)

• An kiyasta cewa ga harsashin Parabellum na 9 mm, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a duk duniya, ana buƙatar Layer 21 na 200 GSM Kevlar a matsayin mafi ƙarancin dakatar da aikin.Ana ba da shawarar cewa, a matsayin kariya ta aminci, an haɗa ƙarin abubuwan tsaro yayin da shigar ciki ya dogara kuma akan bayanin martaba.

Dangane da sakamakon da aka gabatar a sama don halayen Kevlar yadudduka na nauyi daban-daban, ana fatan za a iya amfani da waɗannan halaye don haɓakawa da tsara amintattun riguna masu hana harsashi.

Tsarin gabaɗaya wanda ke buƙatar ninka adadin yadudduka na Kevlar idan aka kwatanta da ainihin adadin yadudduka da suka lalace, zai dace a bincika a cikin ƙarin bincike tare da harsasai daban-daban.Bincike na gaba zai kuma iya nuna tasirin shigar da ƙananan injina da harsasai ke da shi akan Kevlar idan aka kwatanta da na 9mm Para ammonium.Hakazalika, bincike na gaba zai iya gano yadda daban-daban harsasai da na'urori masu linzami ke shiga 200 GSM Kevlar kamar Kevlar da ake amfani da su kawai a cikin riguna masu hana harsashi.Tare da halayen da aka lura tare da raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa suna shiga cikin zurfin ballistic gel, bayan da aka katange madaidaicin tare da Kevlar, bincike na gaba zai ba da damar gano ko za a sami irin wannan tasiri a cikin yanayin da ma'auni ya shiga cikin tufafi, kafin ya shiga jiki. .

Godiya

Binciken ya samu wani bangare na kudade daga kungiyarGidauniyar Bincike ta Kasa.Ana yarda da kamfanoni da mutane masu zuwa don taimakonsu, jagora, da amfani da wuraren su, a cikin jerin haruffa: Borrie Bornman, John Evans, Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa da Ƙwarewar Bindiga (+27 39 315 0379;fcatc1@webafrica.org.za), Henns Arms (Dillalin Bindiga da Bindiga;www.hennsarms.co.za;info@hennsarms.co.za), Kogin Valley Farm & Nature Reserve (+27 82 694 2258;https://www.rivervalleynaturereserve.co.za/;info@jollyfresh.co.za), Marc Lee, David da Natasha Robert, Simms Arms (+27 39 315 6390;https://www.simmsarms.co.za;simmscraig@msn.com), Ayyukan Sama na Kudancin (+27 31 579 4141;www.skyops.co.za;mike@skyops.co.zaLouis da Leonie Stopforth.Dole ne a lura cewa ra'ayoyin marubuta a cikin wannan takarda ba dole ba ne ra'ayoyin kamfanoni, kungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane da aka ambata a sama.Marubutan ba su sami riba ta kuɗi don gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar ba.