ʻAʻahu Pale Poka o ke Ala Hoʻomohala
Ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no ka pale pono ʻana, ua ʻike ʻo Bulletproof vest i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā pale pale kila i nā mea hui nonmetallic, a mai nā mea synthetic maʻalahi i nā mea synthetic a me nā pā kila kila, nā panela seramika a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻomohala ʻōnaehana paʻakikī.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka prototype o ka pale kaua kanaka i ka wā kahiko, ʻo ka lāhui kumu e pale ai i ke kino i ʻeha, loaʻa i ka wili fiber maoli i mea mālama umauma.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua e koi ana i ka pale kaua kanaka e loaʻa i ka holomua kūpono.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kilika i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kaua kahiko ma Iapana i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka ʻaʻahu Bulletproof i hana ʻia e ʻAmelika.
I ka makahiki 1901, ma hope o ka pepehi ʻia ʻana o Pelekikena William McKenley, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka lole pale Bulletproof i ka manaʻo o ka ʻaha kūkā o ʻAmelika.ʻOiai hiki i kēia ʻaʻahu Bulletproof ke pale aku i nā pōkā pistol haʻahaʻa (ka wikiwiki o 122 m / s), akā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i nā pōkā rifle.No laila, i ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua loaʻa nā lole fiber maoli no ke kapa ʻaʻahu, me ke kila i hana ʻia me ka pale kino.ʻO ka lole silika mānoanoa ka mea nui o ka pale kino.Eia naʻe, i ka siliki i loko o ka auwaha metamorphic wikiwiki, keia hemahema me ka palena bulletproof hiki a me ke kiʻekiʻe kumu kūʻai o ke kilika, no laila, i ka manawa mua i loko o ke Kaua Honua I eha e ka US Ordnance 'Oihana o ke anu, aole honua.
I ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka make ʻana o ka shrapnel e 80%, aʻo 70% o ka poʻe ʻeha i make ma muli o ka ʻeha o ke kumu.Ua hoʻomaka nā ʻāina i komo, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Beretania a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e hoʻomohala i ka pale kino.I ka makahiki 1942 ʻOkakopa, ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ka poʻe Pelekania e nā pā kila manganese kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu i haku ʻia me ke kapa pale pōkā.I ka makahiki 1943, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale kino kino he 23 mau ʻano.ʻO kēia manawa o ka pale kino i ke kila kūikawā e like me ka mea pale pale nui.I Iune 1945, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ka pūʻali koa US i ka alumini alumini a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ka hui pū ʻana o ka pale pale pale, ka M12 infantry Bulletproof vest.ʻO ka nylon 66 (ka inoa ʻepekema polyamide 66 fiber) he fiber synthetic i loaʻa i kēlā manawa, a ʻo kona ikaika haʻihaʻi (gf / d: gram / denier) ʻo 5.9 a 9.5, a ʻo ka modulus mua (gf / d) he 21. a hiki i 58 , ʻO ka umekaumaha kikoʻī o 1.14 g / (cm) 3, ʻo kona ikaika ʻaneʻane pālua i ka pulupulu pulupulu.I ke Kaua Korea, ua lako ka US Army me ka T52 piha piha o ka Nylon pale kino i hana ʻia me 12-layer bulletproof nylon, aʻo ka Marine Corps i lako me ka M1951 paʻakikī "multi-long" FRP bulletproof vest me ke kaumaha o 2.7 a 3.6 kg ma waena.ʻO Nylon ma ke ʻano he mea maka o ka pale kino hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pae palekana no nā koa, akā ʻo ka nui, ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i 6 kg.
I ka makahiki 1970 mua, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ultra-high modulus, kiʻekiʻe wela synthetic fiber - Kevlar (Kevlar) e ka United States DuPont (DuPont) i hoʻomohala ʻia, a ua hoʻohana koke ʻia i ke kahua o ka pōkā.ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o kēia fiber hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana lole pale pale pale pale, akā i ka nui hoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka Bulletproof vest.Ua alakaʻi ka pūʻali koa US i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana ʻana o Kevlar i nā pale kino kino, a ua hoʻomohala i ke kaumaha o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua.ʻO ka pale kino hou i ka lole fiber Kevlar ma ke ʻano he mea nui i ka lole nylon pōkā no ka envelopp.Hoʻokahi pale kino māmā he ʻeono papa o ka lole Kevlar, ʻo ke kaumaha waena o 3.83 kg.Me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Kevlar, ua hoʻolako nui ʻia ʻo Kevlar i nā mea kaua kaua.ʻO ka kūleʻa o Kevlar a me ka puka hou ʻana o Twaron, Spectra a me kāna hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua kino ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā lako polokalamu pale-pale i hōʻike ʻia e nā fiber textile kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka laulā i ka pūʻali koa, a hoʻonui mālie. i na makai a me na poai kalaiaina.
Eia nō naʻe, no nā pōkā kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pu raifela i kī ʻia, ʻaʻole pono ka pale kino palupalu.No kēia hopena, ua hoʻomohala nā kānaka i kahi pale kino kino a paʻakikī, fiber composite material ma ke ʻano he panel i hoʻoikaika ʻia a i ʻole ka papa, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hiki ke pale pale kino kino.I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua puka mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kaua kino o kēia wā i ʻekolu mau hanauna: ʻo ka hanauna mua o nā lole pale pale pale, ʻoi aku ka nui me ke kila kūikawā, aluminika a me nā mea metala ʻē aʻe no nā mea pale-pale.Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano pale kino: nā lole kaumaha, ma kahi o 20 kg, ʻaʻahu ʻoluʻolu ʻole, nā palena nui i nā hana kanaka, me ke ʻano o ka hana pōkā, akā maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana lua.
ʻO ka lua o ka hanauna o ka pale kino no ka lako polokalamu lako kino, maʻamau e ka multi-layer Kevlar a me nā lole hana kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia me ka fiber.ʻO kona kaumaha māmā, maʻamau wale nō 2 a 3 kg, a ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ke ʻano, maikaʻi maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻaʻahu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hūnā, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā mākaʻi a me nā limahana palekana a i ʻole nā lālā politika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.Ma ka hiki i ka pōkā, hiki i ka mea laulā ke pale aku i 5 mau mika mai nā pōkā pana pana, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā shrapnel kiʻekiʻe, akā ua pā ka pōkā i kahi deformation nui aʻe, hiki ke hōʻeha i kekahi ʻeha komo ʻole.No nā pu raifela a i ʻole nā pū mīkini i kī ʻia i nā pōkā, paʻakikī ke pale ʻana i ka mānoanoa maʻamau o ka pale kino palupalu.ʻO ke kolu o ka hanauna o ka pale kino he pale kino hui.ʻO ka maʻamau me ka seramika māmā e like me ka papa o waho, ʻo Kevlar a me nā lole fiber kiʻekiʻe e like me ka papa o loko, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi hoʻomohala nui o ka pale kino.