ʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauao——Ka Hoʻāʻo Hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā hiki ke pale i ka pōkā o Kevlar, o nā kaumaha like ʻole a me ka helu o nā papa, me 9 Mm Projectiles.

2.1.ʻO ka gel ballistic

Ua hana ʻia ka gel ballistic mai ka gelatine ʻole.ʻO ka paʻa a me ke kūlike o ka gel e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e ka Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka kūlike like, nā ʻōlelo i hāʻawi ʻia ma Ref.[30] ua hahai ʻia a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e kūʻē i nā kūlana i wehewehe ʻia ma Ref.[31].

8 kīʻaha (250 ml) o ka pauka gelatin unflavoured (ma kahi o 1.25 kg) i hui ʻia me 8 L o ka wai (1 ʻāpana gelatine no kēlā me kēia 4 ʻāpana o ka wai) a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka pauka.Ma hope o ka ninini ʻia ʻana o ka hopena i loko o nā ipu (ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu 2 × 5 L no ka hui ʻana i luna), 5 kulu o ka ʻaila nui (ka ʻaila hinu cinnamon leaf) i ninini ʻia ma luna o ka hopena a hoʻoulu mālie ʻia i loko.ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻaila koʻikoʻi e ʻae i nā ʻōhū i loko o ka hopena e hoʻopau, a hāʻawi i ka ballistic gel i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.Hoʻonoho ʻia ka hopena i loko o nā pahu i waiho ʻia i loko o ka friji.Ua mākaukau ka gel ballistic e hoʻohana i 36 mau hola ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana a laila ua wahī ʻia i ka ʻōwili cellophane.Loaʻa kahi wikiō e hōʻike ana i nā kikoʻī e hana i ka gel ballistichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nLWqJauFEw.

Ua helu ʻia ka Density o ka gel ballistic e like me 996 km/m3(99.6% o ka nui o ka wai).ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau o ke koko kanaka, ka momona a me ka ʻiʻo [32], ʻo ia ke kūlike o ka ʻiʻo o ke kanaka, he 1004 kg/m3.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa 0.8% i nā densities i manaʻo ʻia he ʻae ʻia no ka gel ballistic e hoʻopili i ka ʻiʻo o ke kino kanaka.

2.2.Kevlar nā laʻana

ʻEkolu paona o ka lole Kevlar i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua, ʻo ia hoʻi, 160 GSM, 200 GSM a me 400 GSM.No ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Kevlar ma ke ʻano he mea ulana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka mea ma kahi orientation 0-90.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā laʻana me kahi −45/+45 (quasi-isotropic) orientation e hoʻonui i ka ikehu ma luna o ka hopena ma mua o 0-90 orientations i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kekahi i kekahi [33].ʻO nā laʻana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia i nā papa he 3 kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia hāpana ma ke ʻano o 90/± 45/90.Ke kau ʻia ʻelua a ʻekolu paha laʻana ma luna o kekahi i kekahi, ua hana ʻia e like me ka waiho ʻana o ka papa hope o kahi hāpana ma 45° i ka papa aʻe o ka hāpana aʻe.

Ua māhele ʻia nā ʻāpana Kevlar a ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana nui A4 e hoʻomākaukau ai e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka resin epoxy a me ka paʻakikī.Ua waiho ʻia nā laʻana e maloʻo.Ua ʻoki ʻia nā laʻana ma hope o ke kau ʻana o ka resin a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi i kekahi a waiho ʻia i kahi kūlana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ballistic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua ʻano mea kaua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pahu metala piha (FMJ) a me ka pahu pahu pahu pahu (JHP) o ka 9 mm Parabellum (P a i ʻole Para no ka pōkole).Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā laʻana:

• 1)

• Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi chronograph pū e ana i ka wikiwiki o ka pōkā.Hoʻonoho ʻia ka chronograph 2 m mai ka waha o nā pū i mea e pale ai i ka lapalapa ʻana o ka waha e hāʻawi i nā heluhelu pololei ʻole.

• 2)

• Ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo kumu no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka pōkā i loko o ka gel ballistic.Ka hoohalike ikehu kinetic
  E=(1/2)mv2

  ua hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka ikehu a me ka mamao o ke komo ʻana i ka gel ballistic.

• 3)

• ʻO kaKevlarUa waiho ʻia nā laʻana i mua o ka gel ballistic a waiho ʻia kēia ma kahi mamao o 1 m mai ka chronograph.ʻO ke kumu o ka lōʻihi o 1 m, ʻo ia ke hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kūlana ʻino loa kahi i pana ʻia ai kekahi kanaka a mea paha ma kahi mamao.

• 4)

• Ua pana ʻia ka hāpana me ka projectile e hele ana ma ka chronograph e hoʻoholo i kona wikiwiki mua.Ma hope o kēia, komo ka hāpana a hoʻokomo ʻia ka projectile i loko o ka gel ballistic.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka wikiwiki o nā hoʻokolohua e loaʻa i kahika wikiwiki awelikaHe heluhelu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai ma ka ʻanuʻu 2.

• 5)

• Ua ana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mamao o ke komo ʻana i ka gel ballistic.

• 6)

• Ua hana hou ʻia ka ʻanuʻu 2 no kēlā me kēia ʻano mea kaua i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua.Ua hana hou ʻia ka ʻanuʻu 3 a hiki i ka ʻanuʻu 5 no kēlā me kēia hāpana Kevlar.Ua hana hou ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me nā pōkā kikoʻī inā ʻaʻole hele pololei ka projectile i loko o ka gel ballistic, a i ʻole i komo i ka hāpana Kevlar ma kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke ʻano.

Me nā laʻana 3 papa, ua hele liʻiliʻi ka 9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hihia me ka ʻole Kevlar.Ua huakaʻi ʻoi aku ka hollow point projectiles e like me ka hihia no Kevlar.ʻAʻole i hōʻino nui ka 9 mm Parabellum projectile (helu 4), akā ua hoʻomaka ke kapa keleawe e ʻoki i ka projectile.

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia me 6 mau papa o 160 GSM Kevlar i hōʻike ʻia ua hele ʻoi aku ka 9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻana o Kevlar me ka helu projectile 4 e hele kokoke ana i ka mamao like me kahi projectile FMJ.

Me nā ʻāpana 9 o 160 GSM Kevlar, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mamao e pili ana i ka hele ʻana e nā projectiles i ka gel i nā helu projectile 1, 3 a me 4 i hele aʻe ma hope o ka hele ʻana i nā papa 9 o 160 GSM Kevlar, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā projectiles i pana ʻia i ka ballistic. gel (ʻaʻohe Kevlar).

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me 12 mau papa o 160 GSM Kevlar e hōʻike ana i nā projectiles āpau e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 9 mau papa.

E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia maKiʻi 3, ka hohonu komo o na projectiles fluctuate me ka hohonu e like me ka nui o na papa, aka, ua ikeia ka emi mai ka 9 a hiki i ka 12 papa ma na hihia a pau.Ua ʻike ʻia ua komo nā mea hollow point projectiles i nā ʻāpana Kevlar a ma ke kaʻina hana ua ālai ʻia ke kiko hakahaka me ka mea Kevlar.I ka manawa e hiki ai kēia mau pahu hollow point projectiles i ka ballistic gel, hana lākou ma ke ʻano like me ka projectile FMJ.Ma muli o ke kumu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei me nā laʻana Kevlar i hoʻohana ʻia, ua komo hou nā projectiles i loko o ka gel ballistic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me ka ʻole Kevlar.Hoʻokahi wale nō i komo ʻia nā ʻāpana o Kevlar e komo i ka ikehu kūpono, ua hōʻike ka projectile i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka emi ʻana o ke komo ʻana i ka gel ballistic.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, me nā kaupaona like ʻole Kevlar e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma kēia pepa.

3.4.200 GSMKevlar

Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua 200 GSM Kevlar me nā laʻana o 3, 6, 9, 12 a me 15 mau papa.No ka mea, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo 200 GSM Kevlar no nā lole pale pale, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hana i nā hoʻokolohua me 15 mau papa.Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o ke komo ʻana i ka gel ballisticFig. 4.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me 3 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar e hōʻike ana i ka 9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles i hele i loko o ka ballistic gel a me nā mamao a lākou i hele ai i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka hihia no Kevlar ʻaʻole i hoʻemi ʻia.ʻO ka 9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles i puka mai e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, a ʻo ka 9 mm Parabellum projectile helu 4 i hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻaʻahu keleawe i loko o ka gel ballistic, akā naʻe ua hoʻomau ʻia ka projectile alakaʻi e like me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma.Fig. 4.

Me nā papa 6 o 200 GSM Kevlar, ua ʻike ʻia ua emi ka mamao o ke komo ʻana o ka projectile 1 i ka gel ballistic aʻo nā projectiles 2, 3 a me 4 i hele hou aku i loko o ka gel ballistic i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hihia no Kevlar.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me 9 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar e hōʻike ana i ka helu projectile 2 i hele hou aku i loko o ka gel ballistic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hihia ʻaʻohe Kevlar.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā projectiles 3 a me 4 ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Kevlar ma ka ʻaoʻao puka i pale ʻole ai i ka ʻala.Ua hele hou aku ʻo Projectiles 3 a me 4 i loko o ka gel ballistic ma hope o ke komo ʻana i 9 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hihia no Kevlar.

Me nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me 12 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar, ua ʻike ʻia he 9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles, helu 1 a me 2, he poʻo palahalaha ma hope o ke komo ʻana.ʻO ka helu 4 o ka papahana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻopuʻi nui ʻia me ka wahi ʻāwaha i ālai ʻia me Kevlar, ua palahalaha nui ʻia ma ke poʻo.ʻAʻole i hauʻoli nui ka Projectile helu 3, akā aia nā mea hōʻike o ke ʻano o ka piko o ke poʻo.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia me 15 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar, loaʻa nā projectiles FMJ ʻelua e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻala.Hōʻike ka helu Projectile 1 a me 2 i ka emi ʻana o ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana i ka gel ballistic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hihia no Kevlar.I kēia manawa, ua pani ʻia nā projectiles 3 a me 4 e nā papa Kevlar.

E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia maFig. 4, ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā awelika ma waena o nā kiko, me he mea lā e hōʻike ana i kahi gradient linear o ka emi ʻana o ke komo ʻana i loko o ka gel ballistic e hiki mai ana, i ka manawa i hiki ai ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 6 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar.Ke hōʻike nei ka 200 GSM Kevlar i kahi hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka 160 GSM Kevlar, e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.Ma nā papa he 15 o ka 200 GSM Kevlar, ua hooki ʻia nā projectiles helu 3 a me 4, ʻaʻole naʻe nā projectiles helu 1 a me 2. Ma hope o ka gradient awelika, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia nā projectiles helu 1 a me 2 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa 18 a me 21 paha. 200 GSM Kevlar, kēlā me kēia.

• Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua 400 GSM Kevlar me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laʻana o 3, 6, 9 a me 12 papa, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia e nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia maFig. 5.

4. Ka nānā 'ana a me ke kūkākūkā o nā hopena

Fig. 6hōʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana o nā projectiles like ʻole i 3 mau papa o 160 GSM, 200 GSM a me 400 GSM Kevlar.E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia maFig. 6, me ka 9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles, 3 papa o 200 GSM Kevlar i hooki i na projectiles ma ka mamao loa.3 mau papa o 400 GSM a me 160 GSM Kevlar i hooki i ka projectiles 1 a me 2 ka nui loa.

Fig. 7,Fig. 9e hōʻike ana ʻaʻohe ʻano like me nā projectiles ʻokoʻa no ʻelua mau helu like ʻole o nā papa o GSM like.ʻO kahi laʻana he 12 papa o 200 GSM Kevlar a me 6 papa o 400 GSM Kevlar.Loaʻa i kēia mau laʻana ʻelua he 2400 GSM Kevlar kēlā me kēia.I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēia mau laʻana like ʻole ʻelua, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻemi i ka mamao o nā projectiles me ka nui like.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pilina like a me nā hopena mai 3 mau papa o 400 GSM Kevlar a me 6 mau papa o 200 GSM Kevlar.Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mau hihia he 1200 mau hōʻailona GSM, akā ʻaʻohe ʻano like i nā hopena.

ʻO nā ʻōpuni maʻamau no nā projectiles 1 a me 2, i hōʻike ʻia maFig. 4, e hōʻike i ka pau ʻana o nā projectiles me 6 a me 7 mau papa o 3 papa o ka 200 GSM Kevlar, i kēlā me kēia (ʻo ia ka 18 a me 21 papa o 200 GSM Kevlar).Aia kahi ʻano ma kahi o ka pālua o ka helu o nā papa o Kevlar e pono ai, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke Kevlar i hōʻino maoli ʻia e hoʻōki i nā projectiles.Me nā papa he 18 a me 21 o 200 GSM Kevlar, e hoʻopau ʻia nā projectiles 1 a me 2 ma kahi o 9 a me 10 mau papa o Kevlar.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia helu o nā papa me ka helu o nā papa o Kevlar i loaʻa i nā lole pale pōkā Kevlar wale nō i loaʻa i ke kālepa.

ʻO kekahi mau mea no kāu kuhikuhi:

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-vip-police-concealable-light-weight.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/high-quality-military-use-tactical-armor.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-ballistic-nij-iiia-pe-or-kevlar.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/bulletproof-vest-fdy3r-sk15.html

Nā wikiō no kāu kuhikuhi:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zc-HYAXSaqs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtBaebU7CTw

5. Hoʻoholo

Hoʻohālikelike o 160 GSM, 200 GSM a me 400 GSMKevlarma lalo o ka hopena ballistic i hana ʻia me nā hoʻokolohua ballistic i hana ʻia me 9 mm Parabellum ammunition a me nā helu like ʻole o nā papa Kevlar.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi kekahi mau papa o Kevlar i ka hoʻōki ʻana i nā projectiles, akā hoʻoikaika i nā projectiles e hele hou aku i loko o ka gel ballistic.Hoʻokahi wale nō i hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o nā papa, ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ke komo ʻana o ka projectile i loko o ka gel ballistic.ʻO ke kumu o kēia kiʻekiʻe o ke komo ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā projectiles hollow point, ma muli o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o ka lua me nā mea Kevlar a hana ia ma ke ʻano he projectile FMJ.Ua ʻike ʻia nā gradient maikaʻi ʻole like ʻole ma waena o ka FMJ a me nā pahu hollow point projectiles, i ka manawa i hiki ai ka piko.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā haʻawina o kēia pepa, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia:

• 1)

• Ua noiʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā papa like ʻole o 160 GSM, 200 GSM a me 400 GSM o Kevlar i uhi ʻia me ka gel ballistic, a ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o 200 GSM Kevlar no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi projectile 9 mm Parabellum.

• 2)

• Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe pilina laina ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole o Kevlar me nā paona like ʻole (e like me 200 GSM a me 400 GSM Kevlar), i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ʻano i loaʻa iā lākou ke kaumaha hui like.

• 3)

• Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻehā mau ʻano mea kaua 9 mm Parabellum, a ua ʻike ʻia ka hohonu o ko lākou komo ʻana i ka gel ballistic no nā papa like ʻole o Kevlar.

• 4)

• Ua ʻike ʻia no ka 9 mm Parabellum ammunition, ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia a puni ka honua, koi ʻia nā ʻāpana 21 o 200 GSM Kevlar ma ka liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻōki i ka projectile.Manaʻo ʻia, ma ke ʻano he palekana palekana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea palekana hou aʻe no ka mea ua hilinaʻi ʻia ke komo ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao projectile.

Ma muli o nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia ma luna no nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana Kevlar o ke kaumaha like ʻole, ke manaʻolana ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā lole pale pale palekana a maikaʻi.

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau e pāpālua i ka nui o nā papa o Kevlar e pono ai ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui maoli o nā papa i hōʻino ʻia, pono ke ʻimi i ka noiʻi hou ʻana me nā mea kaua like ʻole.Hiki i ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana ke hōʻike i ka hopena komo i loaʻa i nā projectiles liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kaua ma luna o Kevlar i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pōkā 9 mm Para.Pēlā nō, hiki i nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ke komo ʻana o nā pōkā ʻokoʻa a me nā projectiles i ka 200 GSM Kevlar e like me ke Kevlar i hoʻohana wale ʻia i nā ʻaʻahu pale pōkā.Me nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia me nā projectiles hollow point e komo hohonu i loko o ka ballistic gel, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka wahi hakahaka me Kevlar, e ʻae ʻia ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana e ʻike inā e ʻike ʻia ka hopena like i kahi ʻano i komo ai ka projectile i nā lole, ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. .

Hoʻomaikaʻi

Ua hāʻawi kālā ʻia ka noiʻi e kaPūnaehana Noiʻi Lahui.Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hui a me nā poʻe ma lalo nei no kā lākou kōkua, alakaʻi, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou mau hale hana, ma ke ʻano pīʻāpā: Borrie Bornman, John Evans, Firearm Competency Assessment and Training Center (+27 39 315 0379;fcatc1@webafrica.org.za), Henns Arms (Ka mea kūʻai pū a me ka pū;www.hennsarms.co.za;info@hennsarms.co.za), River Valley Farm & Nature Reserve (+27 82 694 2258;https://www.rivervalleynaturereserve.co.za/;info@jollyfresh.co.za), Marc Lee, David a me Natasha Robert, Simms Arms (+27 39 315 6390;https://www.simmsarms.co.za;simmscraig@msn.com), Southern Sky Operations (+27 31 579 4141;www.skyops.co.za;mike@skyops.co.za), Louis and Leonie Stopforth.Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kākau i kēia pepa ʻaʻole ia ka manaʻo o nā hui, hui a me nā kānaka i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā mea kākau ke kālā kālā no nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia.