Bulletproof Vest Of Development Path
Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, Bulletproof tsho khuam tau dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau armor shields mus rau nonmetallic composites, thiab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yooj yim rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov hlau armor plates, ceramic panels thiab lwm yam txheej txheem kev txhim kho.Tus qauv ntawm tib neeg cov cuab yeej cuab tam tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub, lub teb chaws qub los tiv thaiv lub cev raug mob, muaj lub ntuj fiber ntau braid ua cov khoom siv hauv siab.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm riam phom yuam cov tib neeg armor yuav tsum muaj qhov sib xws.Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo pua 19th, silk siv nyob rau hauv medieval armor nyob rau hauv Nyiv kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv American-ua Bulletproof tsho khuam.
Xyoo 1901, tom qab Thawj Tswj Hwm William McKenley raug tua, Bulletproof tsho khuam ua rau muaj kev nyiam ntawm US Congress.Txawm hais tias lub tsho tiv thaiv Bulletproof no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov mos txwv ceev ceev (qhov ceev ntawm 122 m / s), tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov mos txwv phom.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, muaj cov ntaub fiber ntau rau cov khaub ncaws hauv ob sab phlu, ua ke nrog cov hlau ua los ntawm lub cev armor.Cov khaub ncaws tuab tuab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev armor.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav hauv cov trenches metamorphic sai dua, qhov tsis xws luag nrog cov mos txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm thiab tus nqi siab ntawm cov lo lo ntxhuav, yog li thawj zaug hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kuv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm US Ordnance Department ntawm qhov txias, tsis yog universal.
Hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, shrapnel lethality tau nce los ntawm 80%, thaum 70% ntawm cov neeg raug mob tuag vim raug mob lub cev.Cov tebchaws uas koom nrog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau pib tsis muaj kev siv zog los tsim lub cev armor.Nyob rau hauv 1942 Lub kaum hli ntuj, lub British thawj tsim los ntawm peb lub siab manganese steel phaj muaj li ntawm mos mos tsho khuam.Xyoo 1943, Tebchaws Meskas tau sim thiab siv cov cuab yeej siv lub cev muaj ntau li 23 hom.Lub sijhawm no ntawm lub cev armor rau cov hlau tshwj xeeb ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov mos txwv.Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1945, Asmeskas cov tub rog tau ua tiav kev tsim cov txhuas alloy thiab lub zog siab nylon ua ke ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv phom, qauv M12 infantry Bulletproof tsho khuam.Cov nylon 66 (lub npe scientific polyamide 66 fiber) yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas tau pom thaum lub sijhawm, thiab nws lub zog tawg (gf / d: gram / denier) yog 5.9 txog 9.5, thiab qhov pib modulus (gf / d) yog 21. mus txog 58, Qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm 1.14 g / (cm) 3, nws lub zog yog yuav luag ob npaug ntawm cov paj rwb fiber ntau.Hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, Asmeskas Tub Rog tau nruab nrog T52 tag nrho Nylon lub cev armor ua los ntawm 12-txheej mos txwv nylon, thaum Marine Corps tau nruab nrog M1951 nyuaj "ntau-ntev" FRP lub tsho tiv thaiv phom nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 2.7 txog 3.6. kg nruab.Nylon raws li cov khoom siv raw ntawm lub cev armor tuaj yeem muab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv rau cov tub rog, tab sis qhov loj dua, qhov hnyav kuj nce txog 6 kg.
Thaum xyoo 1970s, lub zog siab, ultra-siab modulus, kub hluavtaws fiber ntau - Kevlar (Kevlar) los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas DuPont (DuPont) tau tsim, thiab tsis ntev hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov mos txwv tau siv.Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau no ua rau cov ntaub mos mos mos-pov thawj cov khaub ncaws ua haujlwm tau zoo heev, tab sis kuj mus rau qhov loj los txhim kho qhov yooj yim ntawm Bulletproof tsho khuam.Cov tub rog Asmeskas tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev siv Kevlar tsim lub cev armor, thiab tsim qhov hnyav ntawm ob tus qauv.Lub cev tshiab armor rau Kevlar fiber ntau yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv nylon tiv thaiv rau lub hnab ntawv.Ib lub teeb lub cev armor muaj rau txheej ntawm Kevlar ntaub, nruab nrab hnyav ntawm 3.83 kg.Nrog rau kev lag luam ntawm Kevlar, Kevlar qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tau ua rau nws muaj dav hauv cov tub rog armor.Kev vam meej ntawm Kevlar thiab qhov tshwm sim tom ntej ntawm Twaron, Spectra thiab nws txoj kev siv hauv lub cev armor tau ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov mos txwv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov tsho uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm textile fibers, uas tsis txwv rau kev ua tub rog, thiab maj mam txuas ntxiv. mus rau tub ceev xwm thiab kev nom kev tswv.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov mos txwv kub ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov phom phom tua mos txwv, lub cev mos mos nkaus xwb tseem tsis muaj peev xwm.Txog rau qhov kawg no, tib neeg tau tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub cev mos thiab tawv, cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau ua lub vaj huam sib luag los yog lub rooj tsavxwm, txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev tag nrho lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov phom sij.Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub lub cev armor tau tshwm sim peb tiam: thawj tiam ntawm hardware mos txwv vests, feem ntau nrog tshwj xeeb hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau rau mos mos cov ntaub ntawv.Hom khaub ncaws lub cev no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm: khaub ncaws hnyav, feem ntau txog 20 kg, hnav tsis xis nyob, kev txwv loj ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no, nrog rau qee qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv, tab sis yooj yim los tsim cov khoom sib txuas.
Lub cim thib ob ntawm lub cev armor rau software lub cev armor, feem ntau yog los ntawm ntau txheej Kevlar thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm siab ua los ntawm fiber ntau.Nws lub teeb nyhav, feem ntau tsuas yog 2 mus rau 3 kg, thiab qhov kev ntxhib los mos yog mos, haum zoo, hnav kuj zoo dua, hnav zoo zais zais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg lossis cov nom tswv ntawm kev siv txhua hnub.Nyob rau hauv cov mos txwv-pov thawj muaj peev xwm, cov dav dav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv 5 meters deb ntawm rab yaj phom phom phom, yuav tsis tsim cov shrapnel thib ob, tab sis cov mos txwv tsoo ib qho loj deformation, tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam tsis muaj kev raug mob.Tsis tas li ntawd rau cov phom loj lossis rab phom tshuab tua mos txwv, qhov dav dav ntawm cov mos mos lub cev armor yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tawm tsam.Qhov thib peb tiam ntawm lub cev armor yog ib tug composite lub cev armor.Feem ntau nrog lub teeb ceramic li txheej txheej, Kevlar thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm siab fiber ntau li cov txheej sab hauv, yog lub ntsiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev armor.