Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm maus taus khiav teeb hauv kev txo cov tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub;Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tam Sim No
Lub luag haujlwm ntawmMaus tausKhiavTeebhauv TxoTsheb sib tsoothaum nruab hnub;Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tam Sim No
Cov qauv rau koj siv:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video rau koj siv:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Abstract
Piv rau lwm hom kev thauj mus los,caij maus tausyog ib qho kev raug xwm txheej.Cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab tau raug mob lub cev ntau dua li cov neeg tsav tsheb.Muaj ntau lub tsheb maus taus sib tsoo tshwm sim, muaj kev ua txhaum txoj cai nyob rau hauv uas lwm qhovtshebtig nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug maus taus, los yog ib tug tam sim ntawd hla ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug on-coming maus taus.Ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj tus nqi siabtsheb sib tsooyog tsis muaj conspicuity ntawmmaus tauslos ntawm lwm cov neeg siv txoj kev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nruab hnub.Daim ntawv no qhia txog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm kev siv maus taus DRLs, tsom mus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm DRLs rautxhim kho maus taus conspicuity.Daim ntawv no tshuaj xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm DRL los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab ntawm ntau lub tsheb maus taus sib tsoo.Peb pawg ntawm cov teebmeem ntawmmaus tausDRLs tau raug tshuaj xyuas.Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, txhawb nqa lub teeb taws ua haujlwm thaum nruab hnub zoo li yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txo qis kev sib tsoo los ntawmtxhim kho maus taus conspicuityhauv tsheb.Cov maus taus DRLs tswj kom txo tau li 4 mus rau 20% ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm maus taus.Daim ntawv no kuj pom zoo tiasmaus taus DRLsyuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nrog high maus taus xwm txheej rautxhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij tshebnrog rau lawv cov pillion riders.
Lo lus tseem ceeb: Kev tiv thaiv kev raug mob,Txoj kev tsheb sib tsoo, Hnub ci khiav teeb, Rider kev nyab xeeb, kev sib tsoo maus taus
Cov qauv rau koj siv:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video rau koj siv:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Taw qhia
Cov tsheb maus taus yog hom kev thauj mus los zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis muaj cov neeg tuag coob heev hauv cov tebchaws tsim thiab tsim kho [1,2].Rolison et al., [3] tau tshaj tawm tias kev tuag thiab raug mob ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab thiab lawv cov neeg caij tsheb yog qhov siab tshaj plaws piv rau lwm cov neeg siv txoj kev.Qhov kev tuag rau tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab ib mais taug kev yog kwv yees li 10 npaug siab dua piv rau cov neeg caij tsheb [4-7].Nyob rau hauv sib piv ntawmcov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab' cov duab nrov, lawv feem ntau yog ib pawg neeg tsis muaj zog ntawm cov neeg siv txoj kev.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [8] tau tshaj tawm tias hauv Tebchaws Meskas, 13% ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb sib tsoo tau suav nrog cov neeg caij tsheb, uas 4,462 tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab suav nrog kev tuag thiab 90,000 tus neeg caij tsheb raug mob.Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev sib tsoo loj heev, thaum lub tsheb maus taus tsuas yog 3% ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb tau sau npe thiab tsuas yog 0.4% ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb khiav mus.Tag nrho cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab koom nrog kev sib tsoo tau nce ntau dua 50% los ntawm 2294 hauv 1998 txog 5290 xyoo 2008. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, txawm tias cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus tsuas yog suav txog 1% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg siv txoj kev, 15% ntawm cov neeg uas tuag lossis mob hnyav. raug mob thaum txoj kev sib tsoo yog cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab [9].Hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho, qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws.Ib feem loj ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog kev tuag thiab kev raug mob hnyav yog feem ntau ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab [1,10].Hauv Iran, cov ntaub ntawv kev tuag tau pom tias 5000 tus neeg tuag thiab 70,000 raug mob hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus [11,12].Malaysia yog ib lub koom haum ntawm Cov Neeg Esxias Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj (ASEAN) lub teb chaws uas muaj cov neeg tuag coob tshaj plaws thiab ntau dua 50 feem pua ntawm txoj kev tuag yog cov neeg caij tsheb [13,14].Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li thaum me nyuam yaus, cov hluas thiab cov neeg muaj kev lag luam muaj zog muaj kev koom tes hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus, kev saib xyuas ntau yog coj mus rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no vim tias muaj tus nqi siab ntawm lub neej poob thiab cov nqi koom nrog [15,16].
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias ntau dua 50% ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus tau tshwm sim thaum nruab hnub, raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm ob lub tsheb sib tsoo ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb thiab maus taus [17].Conspicuity yog lo lus siv los piav txog lub peev xwm ntawm lwm cov neeg siv txoj kev pom thiab paub txog ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub maus taus.Cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub maus taus tau muab pov thawj tias cov maus taus tsis tshua pom los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj tsheb thauj neeg hnyav thiab qhov pom kev nyuaj.
Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb uas tau koom nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm lub tsheb-maus taus tau thov tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo vim lawv tsis pom cov maus taus thiab lawv cov neeg caij tsheb lossis pom lawv lig dhau [7].Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tsis paub txog lub maus taus hauv lub sijhawm sib tsoo yog vim muaj lwm yam teeb meem uas txwv tus neeg tsav tsheb pom, xws li hauv kev hla tsheb, toj roob hauv pes lossis hauv lub tsheb nws tus kheej [18,19].Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias feem ntau ntawm kev sib tsoo pem hauv ntej yog vim tsis muaj lub hauv ntej maus taus conspicuity lossis tsis zoo sab laug tig qhov kev txiav txim siab los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb [20-23].
Cov qauv rau koj siv:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video rau koj siv:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Piv nrog rau cov tsheb thiab tsheb thauj khoom, maus taus tsis tshua pom rau lwm cov neeg siv txoj kev.Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv nyuaj dua los kuaj xyuas ntxiv rau kev txiav txim siab lawv txoj kev nrawm nrawm, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus.Feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb, uas feem ntau yuav tsis paub txog cov maus taus kom txog thaum lig [23-25].Qhov xwm txheej no yog hu ua "saib-tab sis-ua tsis tau-pom-pom" (LBFS) phenomenon [26-31].Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus, Lub Teeb Nruab Hnub Nruab Nrab (DRLs) tau raug npaj los daws qhov teeb meem no.Daim ntawv no qhia txog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm kev siv cov maus taus DRLs, tsom mus rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm DRLs los txhim kho maus taus conspicuity.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm DRL raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv thiab hauv internet tau siv.Cov teebmeem ntawm DRLs tau raug tshuaj xyuas.Peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntsuas cov kev tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm maus taus DRL.
1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm maus taus DRL ntawm maus taus conspicuity
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm maus taus DRL ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm maus taus xwm txheej
3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm maus taus DRL txoj cai ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus
1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm maus taus DRL rauMaus tausKev pom zoo
Raws li cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim teb thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj, maus taus nrog DRLs yog qhov pom tseeb dua li cov maus taus uas tsis muaj [32-34].Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov txheeb ze ntawm ntau lub teeb taws rau cov neeg caij tsheb, Donne [35] tau ua ib qho kev sim teb nyob ntawm qhov zaus uas lub maus taus tau kuaj pom thiab lees paub.Qhov kev sim tau ua raws li kev xav tias cov neeg tsav tsheb qee zaus tsis pom cov maus taus uas tsis tau nruab nrog ib qho kev pab cuam conspicuity.Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam, nws pom tias maus taus lub conspicuity tau txhim kho los ntawm 53.6% mus rau 64.4% (rau 40w, 180 mm inch headlamp).Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau DRLs tau raug soj ntsuam, thiab nws tau lees paub tias ob lub teeb, thiab lub teeb ntau dua 180 hli txoj kab uas hla muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua piv rau ib lub teeb me me [36].
Williams thiab Hoffmann [34] tau ua qhov kev sim sim hauv ob hnub thiab hmo ntuj.Lawv pom tias tag nrho cov conspicuity txhim kho thaum maus taus tau nruab nrog siab thiab qis beams piv rau maus taus uas tsis muaj teeb.Nws tau qhia tias lub maus taus DRL tau txhim kho cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov maus taus thiab nws keeb kwm yav dhau los.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv Australia thiab Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twg txoj cai siv lub teeb taub hau twb tau ua lawm, Thomson [24] tau ua ib qho kev kawm zoo sib xws hauv New Zealand los ntsuas seb kev siv lub teeb taws thaum nruab hnub puas yuavtxo cov tsheb sib tsoo.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txoj cai siv lub teeb taub hau thaum nruab hnub yuav tsum tau txhawb kom muaj kev tswj hwm hauv New Zealand, txawm hais tias nws tsis tsim nyog rau cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab hloov lub teeb taws thaum nruab hnub.Txoj cai yuav txhim khu kev sib raug zoo ntawm maus taus thiab txo kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb taub hau modulators tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas lub sijhawm tshawb pom ntawm cov neeg koom hauv lub ntiaj teb kev tsav tsheb tiag tiag [37].Nws tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov maus taus los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb tau nce ntxiv thaum lawv lub teeb qis qis tau qhib thaum nruab hnub.Thaum lub teeb taub hau raug kaw, qhov muaj peev xwm tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tus neeg tsav tsheb txoj cai-ntawm-txoj kev uas tau ntsib los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov tsav tsheb tau siab dua piv rau thaum lub teeb taub hau tau hloov.Raws li kev tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tseeb tias los ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov teeb pom kev siab thiab qis qis, nrog rau kev hloov kho lub taub hau ob qho tib si thaum nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj pom tau tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv maus taus conspicuity.Kev siv ob lub DRLs tau tshawb pom tias yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws United Kingdom kom muaj kev pom zoo rau cov maus taus.Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv siv lub teeb taub hau feem ntau haum rau cov maus taus, lub tsho fluorescent thiab ib lub teeb ua haujlwm tau pom los ua kom muaj kev pom zoo ntawm ib qho.tus neeg tsav tsheb.Tsis tas li ntawd, Brendicke li al., [38] tau kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm kev siv lub teeb nruab hnub nrig rau tsheb thiab maus taus.Lawv pom tias muaj kev txhim kho me ntsis hauv kev pom zoo thaum cov maus taus siv DRL.
Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Jenness li al., [39] koom nrog kev sau cov neeg koom nrog cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub sijhawm pom tau tias yuav pib tig sab laug hla txoj kev ntawm cov tsheb tuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas "lub sijhawm nyab xeeb kawg" kom pib tig rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov maus taus uas tuaj nrog ob peb.pem hauv ntej teeb pom kev zookev kho mob.Hauv ib qho kev sim, kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg teb tau muab faib ua ob txoj haujlwm sib txawv sab nraum lub tsheb.Muaj pov thawj tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb luv luv tau txo qis thaum sim kho teeb pom kev zoo.Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim tau pom tias muaj kev cia siab, txoj hauv kev zoo los txo "sab laug hla txoj kev" kev sib tsoo los ntawm kev txhim kho lub teeb pom kev rau pem hauv ntej ntawm maus taus thaum nruab hnub.
Nyob rau hauv siab fidelity simulated qhov teeb meem, Smither thiab Torrez [23] soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm poj niam los txiv neej, hnub nyoog, tsheb DRLs thiab maus taus teeb pom kev zoo rau ib tug neeg lub peev xwm mus pom ib tug maus taus.Qhov kev tshawb fawb no ua rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawmmaus tausconspicuity tej yam kev mob, thiab kev soj ntsuam ntxiv hais tias muaj ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub sij hawm rau maus taus nruab nrog DRLs thiab cov tsis muaj DRLs.Txoj kev tshawb no tau nthuav tawm tias DRLs tau ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tseem muab cov pov thawj tseeb los txhawb kev siv cov maus taus DRLs, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub maus taus kom pom tseeb ntawm ib puag ncig.Los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub maus taus nrog DRLs, nws nrawm dua kom pom nws piv rau cov tsis muaj DRLs.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm maus taus DRL ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawmKev sib tsoo tsheb maus taus
Raws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus hauv Victoria, Australia, nws tau pom tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau hom kev sib tsoo [40].Nws pom tias kev txhim kho ntawm cov maus taus conspicuity tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus.Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm maus taus DRL koom nrog ntau lub tsheb sib tsoo hauv nruab nrab ntawm 1976-77 tau txheeb xyuas [18].Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov qauv raug, 50% ntawm kev sib tsoo tus nqi raug txo thaum lub teeb taws ua haujlwm, uas qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv lub taub hau.Kev koom tes ntawm kev sib tsoo tau txo qis thaum lub teeb taub hau tau siv rau nruab hnub.Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov qis me me ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kwv yees rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1976 txog 1981;ua rau poob ntawm kwv yees li 5% hauvntau lub tshebkev sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub.Xyoo 1981, nws tau kwv yees txog tsib lub tsheb sib tsoo tseem ceeb tau tiv thaiv hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum txoj cai siv lub teeb taws thaum nruab hnub tseem tsis tau siv.Kwv yees li ntawm 4.2 mus rau 5.6% txo qis hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus thaum lub teeb lub teeb thaum lub caij maus taus tau ua haujlwm.
Cov qauv rau koj siv:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video rau koj siv:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tsheb tau muab los ntawm New South Wales (NSW), Australia Tub Ceev Xwm Tub Ceev Xwm tau ua los ntawm Vaughan li al., [41].Rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, txhua lub tsheb maus taus raug kuaj xyuas ntawm qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj kev siv lub taub hau.Ntawm cov 1104 maus taus ntsuas raws li Chi-square test, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub taub hau thiab 402 maus taus koom nrog kev sib tsoo.Tej zaum nws yog tias cov neeg uas paub txog kev nyab xeeb ntau dua yuav qhib lawv lub taub hau thaum nruab hnub dua li cov uas tsis ua.Ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab ntawm pawg xaiv xaiv, muaj cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab uas tau koom nrog kev sib tsoo.Tus txheeb ze uas yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tsoo yog nyob ib puag ncig peb zaug siab dua thaum lub teeb taws tsis ua haujlwm.Lub teeb taws ua haujlwm thaum nruab hnub zoo li yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txo qis kev sib tsoo los ntawm kev txhim kho maus taus qhov pom tseeb hauv kev tsheb.
3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm DRLs Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Kev Tsav Tsheb
Allen [42], uas tshuaj xyuas kev sib tsoo rau lub tuam txhab tsheb npav, yog thawj tus ua txoj kev tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm DRLs.Nws qhov kev tshawb pom tau pom tias los ntawm kev siv DRLs yuav tsum tau txo qis los ntawm 40% tus nqi sib tsoo ib lab mais hauv nruab hnub piv rau xyoo ua ntej kev tswj hwm.Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb pom kev nruab hnub nruab hnub hauv qee thaj chaw hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau raug tshuaj xyuas [43].Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1975 txog 1983, txoj cai hloov ntawm maus taus lub teeb taub hau thiab lub teeb taillights txhua lub sijhawm tau siv rau hauv 14 lub xeev.Kev siv cov kev cai lij choj tau pib hauv xyoo 1967 thaum muaj kev siv cov maus taus loj heev, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntau nrog cov maus taus.Kev tswj hwm txoj cai lij choj kuj yog vim muaj pov thawj ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov teeb taws thaum nruab hnub thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo uas yuav txhim kho.maus tausconspicuity li no txo tus nqi sib tsoo.Zador [43] rau cov xeev nrog cov cai tswjfwm, kuj pom qhov poob qis hauv qhov piv ntawm kev sib tsoo nruab hnub mus rau hmo ntuj sib tsoo.Kev soj ntsuam ntxiv tau pom tias muaj 13% txo qis hauv feem pua ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub rau cov xeev nrog cov cai siv, piv rau cov xeev uas tsis muaj.Thoob plaws hauv txoj kev tshawb no, muaj txog 30 lub xeev uas tsis tau tswj cov cai ntawm maus taus nruab hnub nrig taub hau.Yog tias tag nrho cov xeev no tau ua raws li txoj cai, nws tau kwv yees tias 140 tus neeg tuag ntau duamaus tausKev sib tsoo tuaj yeem zam tau.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib tsoo tau ua nyob rau hauv Indian, Montana, Oregon, thiab Wisconsin los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tswj hwm kev siv maus taus DRLs ua ntej thiab tom qab kev tswj hwm txoj cai [33].Txawm li cas los xij, Janoff li al., [33] ua tsis tiav los tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab tso cai rau cov qauv kev hloov pauv txhua xyoo ntawm nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj sib tsoo txij li lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb (ua ntej thiab tom qab kev tswj hwm) tsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6 txog 12 lub hlis. .Raws li kev tshawb nrhiav sib xyaw, kev sib tsoo nruab hnub tau tsawg dua piv rau kev sib tsoo hmo ntuj hauv Oregon, Wisconsin thiab Indiana.Hauv kev sib piv, tus nqi ntawm kev sib tsoo nruab hnub tau nce hauv Montana.Yog li ntawd, Janoff et al.xaus lus tias maus taus conspicuity nce nrog kev siv lub siab thiab qis beamteeb taub hauvim muaj qhov txo qis ntawm kev sib tsoo.
Txoj cai lij choj 1982 Austrian "hloov-txhim hluav taws xob" tau tshaj tawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txo cov tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub [44].Bijleved [44] tau tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm DRLs los ntawm cov maus taus hauv European Union, tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau hauv Austria raws li txoj cai tshiab tau siv rau xyoo 1982. Hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv North Carolina, Waller thiab Griffin [45] nrhiav pom. hais tias tus nqi ntawm kev sib tsoo ntau lub tsheb thaum nruab hnub raug txo qis tom qab kev cai lij choj maus taus taub hau raug yuam.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj cai lij choj hauv North Carolina tau raug ntsuas los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv sib tsoo rau 6-xyoo lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 1972 txog 1976. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1973, txoj cai tau siv, thaum lub sijhawm kev ua si maus taus tau qis dua tom qab mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. .Qhov feem pua ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus tau muab piv nrog cov feem pua zoo sib xws rau txhua qhov xwm txheej.Muaj ib qho kev txo qis hauv cov xwm txheej no nrog rau cov maus taus tom qab siv txoj cai lij choj.Kev txo qis zoo sib xws tsis tau pom rau kev sib tsoo tag nrho.Raws li kev tshawb pom, nws tau txiav txim siab tias txoj cai maus taus taub hau teeb tsa tau ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv nruab hnub nrig ntau lub tsheb sib tsoo.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau uamaus taus taub hau siv hauv Singapore txij thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1995 tau soj ntsuam los ntawm Yuan [46].Tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev thaum txhua qhov kev sib tsoo tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov kev sib tsoo tau muab faib ua ntau theem ntawm qhov hnyav, muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau cov neeg raug mob hnyav thiab cov neeg mob tuag taus, tab sis tsis yog rau me me.Nws tau hais tias qhov kev poob qis loj hauv kev tuag thiab kev sib tsoo loj heev piv rau kev sib tsoo me ntsis yog vim kev siv lub teeb nruab hnub nrig uas ua rau cov neeg siv txoj kev nce siab thaum muaj kev sib tsoo yuav tshwm sim, uas ua rau lawv tawg ntev dua thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam nrawm [ 46] ib.Nws pom tseeb tias qhov kev txo qis hauv kev sib tsoo tuag yog cov pov thawj tiag, vim tias tus nqi txo qis ntawm ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm ib ncig ntawm 40 mus rau 24 nkaus xwb tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev cai lij choj.
Kev sib tsoo nruab hnub nyob rau sab hnub poob Australia tshwj xeeb ntawm maus taus conspicuity los ntawm 1989 txog 1994 tau kawm los ntawm Rosman thiab Ryan [47].Australian Design Rule (ADR 19/01) tau pib siv txij xyoo 1992, uas txhua lub tsheb kauj vab tshiab yuav tsum tau npaj nrog lub teeb taub hau uas tau qhib thaum siv lub maus taus.Muaj plaub hom kev sib tsoo uas tau txiav txim siab: lub taub hau rau, sab swipe opposite kev taw qhia, ncaj txoj cai thiab indirect txoj cai kaum.Kev txo qis me ntsis tau pom nyob rau nruab hnub sib tsoo ntawm cov tsheb thiab maus taus;txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb cais.Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim cov qauv me me ntawm cov maus taus tshiab thoob plaws hauv lub sijhawm tshawb fawb, thiab kev siv lub teeb taws hauv nruab hnub tuaj yeem yeem ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb.
Los ntawm kev siv NSW cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Australian Road Fatality Database los ntawm 1992 txog 1995, kev soj ntsuam zoo sib xws tau ua los ntawm Attewell [48].Attewell tsis tau paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab lwm yam, tab sis tsuas yog ua piv txwv ntawm cov lej ntawm kev sib tsoo rau ib qho kev sib tsoo ntawm lub tsheb maus taus thiab tsheb-mob tsheb sib tsoo uas ua rau raug mob lossis tuag rau cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus uas ua ntej lossis tom qab hnub ua raws li Australian Txoj Cai Tsim (ADR 19/01).Kev poob qis ntawm 2% ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub tsheb maus taus rau txhua qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav tau pom tias ADR muaj ntau qhov cuam tshuam.Qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev sib tsoo tuag;Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog suav nrog rau 16 qhov kev sib tsoo tuag nrog kev xa ADR tshuab koom nrog.Nws tau ntau xyoo uas ntau lub xeev hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tau tswj hwm txoj cai rau lub maus taus siv lub teeb taws thaum nruab hnub.Kalifonias tau siv txoj cai lij choj uas xav kom txhua lub tsheb maus taus los xyuas kom lub teeb taub hau uas tig tau ib txwm muaj thaum lub cav tau teeb tsa txij li xyoo 1972. Tsuas yog xyoo 1978 kev ua raws li txoj cai tau siv tau.Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv lub teeb taub hau ua ntej thiab tom qab kev siv ntawm Californian txoj cai tau kawm [49].Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tuag tau txiav txim siab rau txhua xyoo txij li xyoo 1976 txog 1981. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv pom, uas Muller [49] hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam txoj cai ntawm maus taus DRL hauv California tau cog lus tias yuav txo qis kev sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub.Qhov tshwm sim pom qhov tsawg tsawg ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo ntau yam.Lub teeb ntawm txhua lub tsheb thiab maus taus yuav tsum tau qhib thaum nruab hnub hauv Finland thiab Sweden.Rumar [50] tau ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb ntawm DRL hauv Sweden.Nws qhov kev tshawb pom tau qhia tias siv lub teeb qis qis thaum nruab hnub yuav tswj kom txo tau cov xwm txheej tsawg.Muaj kev poob qis hauv ntau lub tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub los ntawm 32% thiab 4% thaum hmo ntuj.Txoj kev tshawb no tau cuam tshuam txoj cai hloov pauv hauv Sweden thiab ntau lub tebchaws.
Raws li ob txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Malaysia los ua ntej txheeb xyuas lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm maus taus DRLs, Radin Umar li al., [51] pom qhov poob loj heev nyob rau hauv ob peb lub tsheb sib tsoo.Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau tib qhov chaw tsav tsheb conspicuity-hais txog xwm txheej ntawm cov maus taus tau txheeb xyuas [51].Radin qauv qhia tias maus taus DRL tswj kom txo tau kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus li ntawm 29%.
Cov qauv rau koj siv:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video rau koj siv:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Kev sib tham
Cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab ua rau muaj xwm txheej.Vim tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, kev sib tsoo maus taus ua rau muaj kev raug mob hnyav thaum muaj kev sib tsoo.Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj ntau tus neeg raug tsim txom yog cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov kev sib tsoo no feem ntau ua rau muaj neeg tuag coob thiab cov nqi nyiaj txiag siab rau cov neeg raug mob hnyav.Qhov no yog vim li cas qhov kev poob qis hauv cov neeg sib tsoo yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab kev noj qab haus huv-kev lag luam rau zej zog.
Qhov kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm maus taus ntau qhov kev sib tsoo yog ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog qib qis ntawm maus taus conspicuity.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab hauv zej zog kom yaum cov neeg tsav tsheb kom ceev faj ntawm cov tsheb maus taus tuaj.Hloov ntawm lub teeb lub tsheb maus taus yuav lav tias nws yuav txawv ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau, txawm tias lub teeb theem qis.Qhov no yuav txhim kho txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tshawb pom uas nyob ntawm qhov pom kev zoo, thiab yuav txhawb nqa raws li kev ua haujlwm pom kev pab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.Raws li txoj cai, DRL yog hom los them nyiaj rau ob qho tib si qis thiab qis lub hom phiaj tus nqi.DRLs yuav xyaum ua kom muaj kev sib txawv muaj zog uas lawv tau pom tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau.
Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tau sau tseg tias maus taus DRLs muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev txo cov tsheb sib tsoo.Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam rau kev siv maus taus DRLs nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tsim thiab tsim lub teb chaws tseem tshwm sim txawm tias lawv muaj pov thawj ua tau zoo.Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tseem qhia tau tias maus taus DRLs tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev sib tw maus taus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb lub sijhawm teb.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Austria, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Belgium, Fabkis, Portugal thiab ob peb lub teb chaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hloov lub teeb maus taus thaum nruab hnub.Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm lwm cov neeg siv txoj kev, DRL tau tsim nyog rau cov neeg tsav tsheb hauv qee lub tebchaws.Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog sau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tam sim no uas maus taus DRL tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm maus taus.Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm maus taus DRL yuav pab tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov nqi tsim nyog los tswj hwm DRL txoj cai thiab kev tswj hwm hauv cov teb chaws uas tus nqi ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus siab.Daim ntawv no xaus lus tias maus taus DRLs tswj kom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo li 4 txog 20%.Kev tshuaj xyuas kuj tseem txhawb txoj kev xav tias maus taus DRLs yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb los txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv cov neeg caij tsheb.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb: Tsis muaj leej twg tshaj tawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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Cov qauv rau koj siv:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video rau koj siv:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Cov ntawv los ntawm Bulletin ofKev kub ntxhov& Kev raug mob tau muab los ntawm no los ntawm Trauma Research Center ntawm Shiraz University ofKev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob