Kev cob qhia Siren txwv

SirenKev cob qhia txwv

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Overestimating qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm asirenyog ib qho ua rau hluav taws kub sib tsoo.

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Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm asirenntawm 90-degree kev sib tshuam feem ntau tsawg dua 80 ko taw.Qhov kev ua tau zoo no yuav tsawg dua, nyob ntawm qhov tsim ntawm kev sib tshuam thiab cov khoom siv suab nrov ntawm lub tsheb mus txog.

ThaumsirenCov kev txwv yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm lub tsheb thaum muaj xwm ceev, ob peb qhov kev pab cuam tsheb ceev (EVOC) hais txog lub ntsiab lus.Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog muab cov tswv yim kev cob qhia uas yuav pab ua kom pom qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm asiren.

1

1 A class 2 sound level meter.(Cov duab los ntawm tus sau.)

Txheej txheem cej luam

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Lub tsheb tsav tsheb ntawm txoj kev yuav muaj suab nrov ntau hauv cov neeg caij tsheb hauv lub tsheb.Lub suab nrov no hu ua "ambient suab."Lub suab nrov ntawm ambient yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog lub suab nrov ntawm lub cav, xov tooj cua, HVAC system, thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov log tsheb dov ntawm txoj kev.Lub ambient suab nrov nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg nrog caij tsheb mus txog 45 mais ib teev (mph) feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 65 decibels (dB).

Rau ibsirenkom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb pej xeem, nws yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub tsheb thiab ua kom nrov dua lub suab nrov ambient.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias covsirentheem yuav tsum nce kwv yees li 10 dB saum toj no lub suab nrov ambient kom ua rau tus neeg tsav tsheb qhov concentration.Yog hais tias lub suab nrov nyob rau hauv lub tsheb pej xeem yog 65 dB, lub siren yuav tsum nce mus rau 75 dB.

Cov qauv ntawm lub tsheb niaj hnub yog tsim los ua kom lub suab OUT.Qhov nruab nrab, lub tsheb niaj hnub yuav thaiv kwv yees li 30-40 decibels ntawm lub suab nrov los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov neeg caij tsheb hauv lub tsheb.Qhov no yog hu ua "inssertion poob."Yog hais tias ib tug pej xeem tsav tsheb yuav tsum tau 75 decibels ntawmsirensuab nrov react, lubsirenyuav tsum tuaj txog sab nraum tus tsav lub qhov rais ntawm kwv yees li 110 decibels, piv txwv li qhov nruab nrab qhov poob ntawm 35 dB.

2

2 Ib lub suab ntsuas ntsuas calibrator.

Qhov teeb meem

Feem ntausirensyog ntsuas ntawm ib ncig ntawm 124 dB thaum ntsuas 10 ko taw nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lubsiren.Raws li qhov deb ntawm lub siren doubles, lub suab siab ntawm lub siren yuav poob los ntawm kwv yees li 6 dB.Lub tswv yim no yog hu ua "inverse square law."

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov no 6-dB poob rau hauv lub suab siab xav tias qhov kev ncua deb ntsuas yog ncaj qha rau pem hauv ntej.siren.Thaum lub suab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntawm 90-degree lub kaum sab xis ntawm lubsiren, 6-dB poob tuaj yeem tseem ceeb dua.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov txo qis hauv suab siab ntawm 90-degree kev sib tshuam tuaj yeem siab txog 11 dB.Qhov no yog ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb, vim tias kev sib tshuam sib tsoo tshwm sim thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tsheb neeg pej xeem tuaj txog ntawm 90-degree kaum.

3

3 Kev teeb tsa dBA / dBC ntawm lub ntsuas suab.

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Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tej zaum yuav muaj qee lub sij hawm thaum lub ntim ntawm lub siren tsis poob los ntawm 6 dB txhua lub sij hawm qhov deb ntawm lub siren yog ob npaug.Qhov no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv nroog ib puag ncig qhov twg lub siren yog reflected ntawm lub tsev, asphalt, thiab lwm yam manmade nto.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, lub siren yuav tsis poob ntau npaum li cas, tab sis qhov kev xav ntawm lub siren ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab seb nws tuaj qhov twg.Kuj tseem yuav muaj qee lub sij hawm uas lub siren yuav poob ntau dua 6 dB txhua lub sij hawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub siren yog ob npaug rau vim hais tias ntawm kev coj ntawm tus hais lus siren thiab obstacles nyob rau hauv lub suab txoj kev.

Ambient suab nrov, kev poob qis, thiab txoj cai rov qab square piav qhia txog qhov txwv tsis pub muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub siren.Lub physics ntawm lub suab yuav txo qhov ntim ntawm lub siren raws li qhov deb ntawm lub siren nce.Nrog rau niaj hnub tsheb niaj hnub no, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub siren ntawm 90-degree kev sib tshuam feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 80 ko taw.

Qhov Tseeb

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Nco ntsoov tias tus neeg tsav tsheb pej xeem xav tau 110 dB ntawm lub suab nrov nrov sab nraum lub qhov rais tsav tsheb kom hnov ​​​​ib siren zoo.Siv txoj cai inverse square, lub suab siab ntawm lub siren yuav poob qis dua 110 dB ntawm kwv yees li 80 ko taw.

4

4 Qhov siab / qis qhov teeb tsa ntawm lub suab ntsuas ntsuas.

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Yog tias lub tsheb pej xeem taug kev 45 mph, nws yuav coj tus neeg tsav tsheb kwv yees li 195 ko taw kom pom, hnov ​​​​qab, thiab hla mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm txoj kev qhuav.ib zaug tus tsav tsheb hnov ​​​​ib lub siren.Yog hais tias tus neeg tsav tsheb hnov ​​​​lub siren 80 ko taw deb ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam thiab nws yuav siv 200 ko taw los nres, tus neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsis muaj sij hawm los tawm tsam txoj cai yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob rub tawm mus rau hauv kev sib tshuam.Lub tswv yim no piav qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav nres ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam.

Ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav nug, "Vim li cas ho tsis ua kom lub suab nrov nrov?"Yog vim li cas lub sirens tsis tuaj yeem ua kom nrov dua yog tias lub suab nrov nrov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis hnov ​​​​lus rau cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab cuam tshuam rau cov pej xeem nyob ib puag ncig mus rau theem tsis txaus ntseeg.Vim li no, qhov ntim ntawm lub tsheb xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum raug txwv.

Tes-On Training

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau EVOC cov kws qhia kom muab kev cob qhia tes los txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm kev txwv kev txwv.Qhov kev cob qhia no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub suab ntsuas lub suab, lub koob yees duab, thiab lub xov tooj thaum muaj xwm ceev.

  • Suab Level Meter:Lub suab ntsuas qib tuaj yeem yuav pheej yig los ntawm lub khw muag khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb.Muaj ntau hom suab ntsuas ntsuas, thiab txhua hom nyob rau hauv nqe.Ib chav kawm 1 meter yog qhov tseeb dua, tab sis Chav Kawm 2 meter yuav txaus raws li cov cuab yeej cob qhia (duab 1).

  • Suab Level Meter Calibrator:Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau calibrate lub suab ntsuas ntsuas ua ntej txhua qhov kev cob qhia siv lub suab calibrator.Thaum lub calibrator tuaj yeem kim, nws yuav xyuas kom meej tias lub suab ntsuas qhov tseeb (duab 2).

  • Tripod:Feem ntau lub suab ntsuas ntsuas tuaj yeem txuas rau lub koob yees duab tripod.Lub tripod yuav tso cai rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv los teeb tsa lub suab ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab rov qab mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb thaum lub siren tab tom ntsuas.Tsis txhob sawv ntawm lub suab ntawm lub siren kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas.Tiv thaiv koj lub rooj sib hais.

  • Kev nyab xeeb:Nco ntsoov xyuas kom txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv hnav kev tiv thaiv kev hnov ​​lus zoo.Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov kom paub tseeb tias txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus neeg hais lus siren thaum lub siren raug sim.Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau taug kev mus rau lub kauj ruam tom qab ntawm lub cuab yeej los pab tiv thaiv lawv ntawm lub suab ntau dhau.Tsis txhob sawv ntawm lub siren!

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Suab Level Meter Settings

  • dBA vs dBC:Lub suab ntsuas ntsuas feem ntau muaj ob qhov teeb tsa decibel: dBA thiab dBC.Qhov teeb tsa dBA lossis dBC yuav txiav txim siab seb lub ntsuas ntsuas lub suab nrov npaum li cas.Thaum ua qhov kev cob qhia, siv qhov chaw dBA raws li qhov no ua kom pom tseeb dua li cas tib neeg pob ntseg yuav hnov ​​lub suab (duab 3).

  • Siab / qis:Lwm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub suab ntsuas ntsuas yog qhov "siab / qis".Qhov "siab / qis" yog nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm lub suab ntsuas.Thaum lub 'meter' ze rau lub siren, siv qhov "siab".Raws li lub 'meter' txav deb ntawm lub siren, hloov lub 'meter' mus rau qhov "tsawg".Xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog siab / qis rau koj lub ntsuas (duab 4).

  • "Max" kev teeb tsa:Sirens "cheb" nce thiab nqis, uas yuav ua rau kev nyeem ntawv decibel ntawm lub vijtsam zaub hloov tas li.Qhov "max" teeb tsa yuav tuav lub suab nrov nrov nyeem thaum lub sijhawm kuaj.Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim rau sau cov ntaub ntawv.Hauv lub neej tiag tiag, lub suab siab ntawm lub siren tsuas yog ntaus qhov kev nyeem ntawv max ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, raws li kev siv lub siren sweeps nce thiab nqis.Xyuas kom cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag siab tias qhov kev nyeem ntawv "max" yog qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau tus neeg siv hluav taws xob (duab 5).

  • Ceev / qeeb:Qhov kev teeb tsa no yuav txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas lub suab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas lub suab.Vim tias qhov nce siab thiab poob ntawm lub siren, lub 'meter' yuav tsum nyob rau hauv "ceev" hom thaum ua piv txwv lub siren (duab 6).

6

6 Cov lus teb ceev / qeeb ntawm lub suab ntsuas ntsuas.

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Kev sim

Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sim siren, nrhiav thaj chaw qhib kwv yees li 300 feet ntev.Kuv nquag siv qhov chaw nres tsheb lossis kev siv me me uas tuaj yeem kaw tau yooj yim.Muab lub cuab yeej tso rau ntawm txoj kev thiab ntsuas 10 ko taw ncaj qha rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub siren.Qhov no yuav yog lub cim "0".Los ntawm qhov "0", cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas ntau qhov xwm txheej.

  • 0-degree mus kom ze:Ib txoj hauv kev 0-degree ntsuas lub suab ncaj qha rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub siren.Qhov no yuav simulate ib tug pej xeem tsheb uas yog tsav nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug hluav taws apparatus nyob rau tib txoj kev.Txhawm rau ntsuas 0-degree mus kom ze, ntsuas ncaj qha rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub siren.Kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua txhua 10 ko taw los ua kom pom tias lub suab siab qis npaum li cas thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub siren nce (duab 7).

  • 90-degree txoj kev:Ib txoj hauv kev 90-degree ntsuas lub suab raws txoj kev simulated.Qhov xwm txheej no qhia tau hais tias qhov ntim ntawm lub siren rau lub tsheb nce mus txog qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam.Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov 90-degree mus kom ze, ntsuas rau sab laug lossis sab xis ntawm lub siren.Kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua txhua 10 ko taw los ua kom pom tias lub suab qis qis npaum li cas thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub siren nce (duab 8).

  • Siren suab field:Kev ntsuas lub suab teb yuav muab ib daim duab ntawm seb lub siren tej yaam num los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub apparatus.Kev ntsuas yog coj nyob rau hauv ib daim phiaj ntawm 10-ko taw ib ntus.Qhov no tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm los teeb tsa lub suab thiab tsim cov duab pom ntawm lub siren qhov projection.

  • Kev sib tshuam tiag tiag:Yog tias lub tuam tsev tua hluav taws tuaj yeem tswj xyuas kev khiav tsheb kom nyab xeeb, kev nyeem ntawv lub suab tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm kev sib tshuam tiag tiag.Qhov no tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm saib seb lub siren raug thaiv lossis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tsev, ntoo, thiab lwm yam khoom hauv lub siren txoj kev.

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7 Ntsuas lub suab siab ntawm lub siren ntawm 0-degree mus kom ze.Kev ntsuas yog coj txhua 10 taw tawm mus rau 300 ko taw.Qhov xwm txheej no ua piv txwv cov cuab yeej hluav taws kub los ze rau lub tsheb pej xeem los ntawm lub tsheb.

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Thaum lub suab ntsuas qhov chaw tau raug cim, muab lub suab ntsuas ntsuas mus rau lub tripod.Lub tripod yuav tsum tau teem rau ib ncig ntawm 3.5 ko taw, vim qhov no yog ib qho siab rau tus neeg tsav tsheb pob ntseg.

Tom qab ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus neeg koom nrog hnav kev tiv thaiv kev hnov ​​​​lus thiab sawv tom qab lub siren, kom tus tswvcuab qhib lub siren.Ib lub voj voog nce thiab nqis yuav txaus.Thaum lub siren cua txias, cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas qhov kev nyeem ntawv decibel ntawm lub ntsuas suab thiab sau cov ntawv nyeem.Rov ua qhov txheej txheem no ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas ntsuas.

Cov cuab yeej hluav taws kub feem ntau yog nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Ib lo lus nug uas cov tub ntxhais kawm nug yog, "Lub siren twg zoo dua?"Kuaj txhua lub siren tus kheej thiab tom qab ntawd sim lawv txhua lub sijhawm.Ntau tshaj qhov yuav tshwm sim, txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav zoo sib xws.

Nco ntsoov tias feem ntau cov sirens yuav tsum tau tuaj txog ntawm tus tsav tsheb sab qhov rais ntawm lub tsheb pej xeem nyob ib ncig ntawm 110 dBA kom nkag mus rau lub tsheb zoo thiab ceeb toom rau tus neeg tsav tsheb.Thaum twg lub siren system poob qis dua 110 dBA?Qhov no tshwm sim nyob deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub apparatus?Puas yog lub tsheb pej xeem puas tuaj yeem pom, hnov ​​​​mob, thiab hla mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb?

Tuav Nws Ua Ke

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Tom qab ua kom pom qhov txwv tsis pub muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub siren, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej.Yog tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub siren yog 80 ko taw, qhov no cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub tsheb pej xeem?Ib tug pej xeem puas tuaj yeem nres tau raws sijhawm yog tias tus neeg tsav tsheb tsis hnov ​​​​lub siren kom txog thaum nws nyob deb 80 feet ntawm qhov hluav taws kub?

Tau txiav txim siab qhov twg lub suab nrov siab qis qis qis dua 110 dBA, khij qhov chaw nrog lub khob hliav qab.Tom ntej no, kom ib tug neeg tsav tsheb mus rau lub cones ntawm kwv yees li 45 mph.Thaum nws mus txog ntawm lub cones tsheb, kom tus neeg tsav tsheb sawv ntawm tus brakes thiab hla mus rau qhov nres.

Lub tsheb nres qhov twg?Puas yog yav dhau los lub tshuab hluav taws xob?Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau rub tawm pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsheb lossis tsis tuaj yeem nres tag nrho ntawm lub teeb liab lossis kos npe nres?Muab hom kev pom pom no rau cov neeg tsav tsheb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev tsis muaj nqi.

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8 Ntsuas lub suab siab theem ntawm lubsirenntawm 90-degree mus kom ze.Kev ntsuas yog coj txhua 10 taw tawm mus rau 300 ko taw.Qhov xwm txheej no ua piv txwv txog kev sib tshuam 90-degree.

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Txawm hais tias qhov txwv tsis pub muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub siren yog qhov ua rau muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob sib tsoo, ob peb EVOC cov kev pab cuam hais txog lub ntsiab lus.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov teeb meem no suav nrog hauv txhua qhov kev pab cuam EVOC ua ob qho kev sib tham hauv chav kawm thiab ua qauv qhia.Muab cov neeg ua haujlwm tua hluav taws nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub neej tiag tiagsirenntau yam yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia tsav tsheb.

CHRIS DALYyog tub ceev xwm tub rog 19 xyoo, tam sim no ua tus saib xyuas saib xyuas hauv West Chester, Pennsylvania.Nws yog tus tsim kho kev sib tsoo uas tau lees paub thiab yog tus thawj coj tshawb nrhiav rau Chester County (PA) Pab Pawg Pabcuam Kev Sib Tw Loj.Ntxiv rau nws txoj haujlwm tub ceev xwm, nws tau ua haujlwm 26 xyoo ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm pab dawb tua hluav taws, tuav ntau txoj haujlwm nrog rau tus thawj coj.Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm editorial advisory board rauCov cuab yeej hluav taws kub & khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev.Daly tseem tau tsim ib qho kev qhia tsav tsheb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev hu ua "Drive to Survive," uas tau nthuav tawm rau ntau dua 15,000 tus neeg tua hluav taws thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm ntau dua 380 lub chaw pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas.

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