Bulletproof Vest Of Development Path
Monga chida chofunikira chodzitetezera, Bulletproof vest yasintha kuchoka ku zishango zachitsulo kupita kuzinthu zopanda zitsulo, komanso kuchokera kuzinthu zosavuta kupanga kupita ku zida zopangira ndi mbale zachitsulo, mapanelo a ceramic ndi njira zina zovuta zopangira dongosolo.Chitsanzo cha zida zankhondo za anthu zimatha kutsatiridwa kuyambira nthawi zakale, mtundu woyambirira kuti uteteze thupi udavulazidwa, unali ndi ulusi wachilengedwe ngati chida chosamalira pachifuwa.Kupanga zida zokakamiza zida za anthu kuyenera kupita patsogolo.Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, silika wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zida zankhondo zakale ku Japan ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito povala chovala cha Bulletproof chopangidwa ku America.
Mu 1901, Pulezidenti William McKenley ataphedwa, chovala cha Bulletproof chinachititsa chidwi cha Congress ya ku United States.Ngakhale bulletproof vest iyi imatha kuletsa zipolopolo zothamanga kwambiri (liwiro la 122 m/s), koma sizingalepheretse zipolopolo zamfuti.Choncho, mu Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, pakhala pali nsalu zachilengedwe zopangira zovala, pamodzi ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zida za thupi.Zovala zonenepa za silika poyamba zinali mbali yaikulu ya zida zankhondo.Komabe, silika mu ngalande metamorphic mofulumira, chilema ichi ndi mphamvu zochepa zipolopolo ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa silika, kotero kuti nthawi yoyamba mu Nkhondo Yadziko I anavutika ndi US Ordnance Dipatimenti ya kuzizira, osati konsekonse.
Mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kupha kwa shrapnel kudakwera ndi 80%, pomwe 70% ya ovulala adamwalira chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa thunthu.Mayiko omwe adatenga nawo gawo, makamaka Britain ndi United States adayamba kuyesetsa kupanga zida zankhondo.Mu 1942, a British adapangidwa koyamba ndi mbale zitatu zachitsulo za manganese zopangidwa ndi bulletproof vest.Mu 1943, kuyesa kwa United States ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zankhondo pali mitundu 23.Nthawi imeneyi ya zida thupi kwa chitsulo chapadera monga chuma chipolopolo chachikulu.Mu June 1945, asitikali aku US adapanga bwino aloyi ya aluminiyamu komanso kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa nayiloni kosakanikirana ndi vestproof vest, model M12 infantry Bulletproof vest.Nayiloni 66 (dzina la sayansi polyamide 66 fiber) inali ulusi wopangidwa womwe unapezeka panthawiyo, ndipo mphamvu yake yosweka (gf / d: gram / denier) inali 5.9 mpaka 9.5, ndipo modulus yoyamba (gf / d) inali 21 mpaka 58, Kukoka kwapadera kwa 1.14 g / (cm) 3, mphamvu zake zimakhala pafupifupi kawiri fiber ya thonje.Mu Nkhondo yaku Korea, Asitikali aku US anali ndi zida za T52 zonse za Nylon zopangidwa ndi nayiloni ya 12-layer bulletproof, pomwe Marine Corps anali ndi M1951 hard "multi-long" FRP bulletproof vest yolemera 2.7 mpaka 3.6 kg mwa.Nayiloni monga zida zopangira zida zankhondo zimatha kupereka chitetezo china kwa asitikali, koma chokulirapo, kulemera kwake kumafikira 6 kg.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, zida zamphamvu kwambiri, zowonjezereka kwambiri, zowonjezera kutentha - Kevlar (Kevlar) ndi United States DuPont (DuPont) zinapangidwa, ndipo posakhalitsa pamunda wa bulletproof wagwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuwonekera kwa ulusi wochita bwino kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zovala zofewa zosaoneka bwino zizikhala bwino kwambiri, komanso pamlingo waukulu kuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa vest ya Bulletproof.Asilikali aku US adatsogolera pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo za Kevlar, ndikupanga kulemera kwamitundu iwiriyi.Zida zatsopano zopangira nsalu za Kevlar fiber monga chida chachikulu pansalu ya nayiloni yosalowa zipolopolo pa emvulopu.Chida chimodzi chopepuka cha thupi chimakhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi za nsalu ya Kevlar, kulemera kwapakati kwa 3.83 kg.Ndi malonda a Kevlar, machitidwe abwino kwambiri a Kevlar apangitsa kuti apezeke kwambiri mu zida zankhondo.Kupambana kwa Kevlar komanso kutuluka kotsatira kwa Twaron, Spectra ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma vests otsimikizira zipolopolo zamapulogalamu omwe amadziwika ndi ulusi wansalu wowoneka bwino kwambiri, womwe kukula kwake sikungokhala gawo la Asitikali, ndipo kumakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. kwa apolisi ndi magulu a ndale.
Komabe, kwa zipolopolo zothamanga kwambiri, makamaka mfuti zowombera zipolopolo, zida zofewa zokhazokha zimakhalabe zosakwanira.Kuti izi zitheke, anthu apanga zida zankhondo zofewa komanso zolimba, zophatikizika ndi fiber ngati gulu lolimbitsa kapena bolodi, kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo luso loteteza zipolopolo za thupi lonse.Mwachidule, chitukuko cha zida zamakono thupi anatulukira mibadwo itatu: m'badwo woyamba wa hardware zipolopolo proof vests, makamaka ndi chitsulo chapadera, aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zina zipangizo zipolopolo.Mtundu uwu wa zida za thupi umadziwika ndi: zovala zolemetsa, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 20 kg, kuvala zosasangalatsa, zoletsa zazikulu pazantchito za anthu, ndikuchitapo kanthu koletsa zipolopolo, koma zosavuta kupanga zidutswa zachiwiri.
M'badwo wachiwiri wa zida zankhondo zopangira zida zamagetsi, nthawi zambiri ndi Kevlar wamitundu yambiri ndi nsalu zina zapamwamba zopangidwa ndi fiber.Kulemera kwake kopepuka, kawirikawiri kokha 2 mpaka 3 kg, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ofewa kwambiri, oyenerera ndi abwino, kuvala kumakhalanso omasuka, kuvala kubisala bwino, makamaka kwa apolisi ndi ogwira ntchito zachitetezo kapena mamembala a ndale omwe amavala tsiku ndi tsiku.Mu mphamvu yotsutsa zipolopolo, wamkuluyo amatha kuteteza 5 metres kutali ndi zipolopolo za mfuti, sizingapange zipolopolo zachiwiri, koma chipolopolocho chinagunda mapindikidwe okulirapo, chingayambitse kuvulala kwina kosalowa.Komanso kwa mfuti kapena mfuti zamakina zowombera zipolopolo, makulidwe ambiri a zida zofewa za thupi ndizovuta kukana.M'badwo wachitatu wa zida zankhondo ndi zida zamagulu.Nthawi zambiri ndi ceramic kuwala monga wosanjikiza akunja, Kevlar ndi zina mkulu-ntchito CHIKWANGWANI nsalu monga wosanjikiza mkati, ndi waukulu chitukuko malangizo a zida thupi.