Tekinoloje Yachitetezo--Kuyesa Kwaukadaulo Wakutsimikizira kwa Bullet Kwa Kevlar, Wakulemera Kosiyana Ndi Chiwerengero Cha zigawo, Ndi 9 Mamilimita Projectiles

2.1.Gel ya mpira

Gelisi ya ballistic imapangidwa kuchokera ku gelatine yosasangalatsa.Kachulukidwe ndi kusasinthika kwa gel osakaniza kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).Kuti mukwaniritse kusasinthika komweko, malangizo operekedwa mu Ref.[30] adatsatiridwa ndipo adayesedwa motsutsana ndi miyezo yofotokozedwa mu Ref.[31].

Makapu 8 (250 ml) a ufa wa gelatin osakometsedwa (pafupifupi 1.25 kg) amasakaniza ndi madzi 8 L (gawo limodzi la gelatin pa magawo anayi aliwonse amadzi) mpaka ufa wonse utasungunuka.Pambuyo yankho anatsanuliridwa mu muli (2 × 5 L muli osakaniza pamwamba osakaniza), 5 madontho mafuta ofunika (sinamoni tsamba zofunika mafuta) anatsanuliridwa pa yankho ndi modekha analimbikitsa mmenemo.Chifukwa cha mafuta ofunikira ndikulola kuti thovu mu yankho liwonongeke, ndikupatsanso fungo labwino la gel osakaniza.Njira yothetsera vutoli imayikidwa muzitsulo zoyikidwa mu furiji.Gelisi ya ballistic inali yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito 36 h itatha kupangidwa kenako ndikukulunga mu cellophane.Kanema wowonetsa tsatanetsatane wopangira gel osakaniza akupezeka kuchokerahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nLWqJauFEw.

Kuchulukana kwa gel osakaniza kunawerengedwa ngati 996 km / m3(99.6% ya kuchuluka kwa madzi).Kuchulukana kwapakati kwa magazi amunthu, mafuta ndi minofu [32], komwe ndi kusasinthasintha kwa thupi la munthu, ndi 1004 kg/m3.Kusiyana kwa 0.8% mu kachulukidwe kumatengedwa ngati kovomerezeka kuti gel osakaniza azitha kufananiza thupi la munthu.

2.2.Kevlar zitsanzo

Miyezo itatu ya nsalu ya Kevlar idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa, 160 GSM, 200 GSM ndi 400 GSM.Popeza Kevlar atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsalu yoluka, mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri yazinthuzo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsata 0-90.Zitsanzozo zidasungidwa ndi -45/+45 (quasi-isotropic) zomwe zimatengera mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa momwe 0-90 imapangidwira [33].Zitsanzo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesazo zinapangidwa mochulukitsa zigawo za 3 pomwe chitsanzo chilichonse chinayikidwa mu dongosolo la 90 / ± 45/90.Pamene zitsanzo ziwiri kapena zitatu zinayikidwa pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake, zinachitidwa kotero kuti gawo lomaliza la chitsanzo chimodzi linayikidwa pa 45 ° kupita ku gawo lotsatira la chitsanzo chotsatira.

Mapepala a Kevlar adagawidwa ndikudulidwa kukhala mapepala akuluakulu a A4 kuti awakonzekere kuti amangirire pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito epoxy resin ndi harderner.Zitsanzozo zinasiyidwa kuti ziume.Zitsanzozo zidadulidwa pambuyo poti utomoni udayikidwa ndikumangirirana wina ndi mnzake ndikuyikidwa pamalo oti mayesowo achitidwe.

Mayeso a Ballistic adachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe ndi jekete yachitsulo yodzaza (FMJ) ndi malo otsekeka (JHP) a 9 mm Parabellum (P kapena Para mwachidule).Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zitsanzo ikufotokozedwa motere:

• 1)

• Chronograph yamfuti inakhazikitsidwa kuti ayeze liwiro la zipolopolo.Chronograph idayikidwa 2 m kuchokera pakamwa pamfuti kuti chiwopsezo chamoto chisawerengedwe molakwika.

• 2)

• Mayeso oyambira adachitidwa kuti adziwe kuthamanga kwa zipolopolo molunjika mu gel osakaniza.Mphamvu ya kinetic equation
  E=(1/2)mv2

  anagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mphamvu ndi mtunda wa malowedwe mu ballistic gel osakaniza.

• 3)

• TheKevlarZitsanzo zinayikidwa kutsogolo kwa gel osakaniza ndipo izi zinayikidwa 1 m kutali ndi chronograph.Chifukwa cha mtunda wa 1 m ndikufanizira zochitika zoyipa kwambiri pomwe munthu kapena chinthu chikuwomberedwa chapatali.

• 4)

• Chitsanzocho chinawomberedwa ndi projectile yomwe ikudutsa mu chronograph kuti idziwe kuthamanga kwake koyambirira.Pambuyo pake, chitsanzocho chimalowetsedwa ndipo projectile imayikidwa mu ballistic gel.Mayendedwe a mayesowa adagwiritsidwa ntchito kupezaliwiro lapakatikuwerenga komwe kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso ma values ​​mu gawo 2.

• 5)

• Mtunda wolowera mu gel osakaniza unayesedwa ndikulembedwa.

• 6)

• Gawo 2 linabwerezedwa pamtundu uliwonse wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa.Gawo 3 mpaka 5 linabwerezedwa pa chitsanzo chilichonse cha Kevlar.Mayeso okhala ndi zida zenizeni adabwerezedwa ngati projectile sinayende molunjika mkati mwa gel osakaniza, kapena ngati idalowa mu chitsanzo cha Kevlar m'dera lomwe limawonedwa kuti silinamveke bwino.

Ndi zitsanzo za 3 zosanjikiza, ma projectiles a 9 mm Parabellum FMJ adayenda pang'ono poyerekezera ndi mlandu wopanda Kevlar.Ma projectiles a hollow point adayenda motalikirapo poyerekeza ndi vuto la Kevlar.Chojambula cha 9 mm Parabellum (nambala 4) sichinawonongeke kwambiri, koma jekete lamkuwa linayamba kung'amba projectile.

Mayeso omwe adachitika ndi magawo 6 a 160 GSM Kevlar adawonetsa kuti ma 9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles adapita patsogolo poyerekeza ndi mayeso olowera a Kevlar okhala ndi projectile number 4 yopita pafupifupi mtunda wofanana ndi wa projectile ya FMJ.

Ndi zigawo 9 za 160 GSM Kevlar, maulendo ofananira omwe anayenda ndi projectiles mu gel osakaniza adawonetsa kuti manambala a projectile 1, 3 ndi 4 adapita patsogolo atadutsa zigawo 9 za 160 GSM Kevlar, poyerekeza ndi projectiles yomwe inawombera mu ballistic. gel osakaniza (palibe Kevlar).

Mayeso opangidwa ndi magawo 12 a 160 GSM Kevlar akuwonetsa kuti ma projectiles onse akuwonetsa kuchepa kwakuya kwakuya poyerekeza ndi zigawo 9.

Monga zikuwoneka muChithunzi 3, kuya kwa ma projectiles kumasinthasintha ndi kuya pamene chiwerengero cha zigawo chikuwonjezeka, komabe kuchepa kumawonedwa kuchokera ku 9 mpaka 12 zigawo zonse.Zinawoneka kuti ma projectiles a hollow point adalowa m'magawo a Kevlar ndipo panthawiyi malo ozungulira adatsekedwa ndi Kevlar.Ma projectiles awa akafika ku ballistic gel, amachita mofanana ndi projectile ya FMJ.Chifukwa chazifukwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa ndi zitsanzo za Kevlar zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma projectiles adalowa mopitilira muyeso wa ballistic gel poyerekeza ndi mayeso omwe adachitidwa popanda Kevlar.Kamodzi kokha zigawo zokwanira za Kevlar zidalowetsedwa kuti zitenge mphamvu zokwanira, m'pamene projectileyo idawonetsa mawonekedwe otsika kulowa mu gel osakaniza.Khalidweli lidawonedwa m'mayesero ena, ndi masikelo osiyanasiyana a Kevlar monga momwe tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi.

3.4.200 GSMKevlar

Mayeso a 200 GSM Kevlar adachitidwa ndi zitsanzo za 3, 6, 9, 12 ndi 15 zigawo.Popeza 200 GSM Kevlar imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma bulletproof vests, adaganiza zoyesa ndi zigawo 15.Zotsatira za kulowa mu gel osakaniza akuwonetsedwa muChithunzi 4.

Mayesero omwe anachitidwa ndi zigawo za 3 za 200 GSM Kevlar amasonyeza kuti 9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles anadutsa gel osakaniza ndi mtunda umene anayenda poyerekeza ndi palibe Kevlar mlandu sanachepe.Ma projectiles a 9 mm Parabellum hollow point adatuluka monga momwe amayembekezeredwa, ndipo 9 mm Parabellum projectile nambala 4 inali ndi jekete yamkuwa yoyikidwa mu gel osambira, komabe pulojekiti yotsogolera idapitilira ndikuyima monga momwe zidalembedwera.Chithunzi 4.

Ndi zigawo 6 za 200 GSM Kevlar, zinawoneka kuti mtunda wolowera wa projectile 1 mu gel osakaniza unatsika pamene projectiles 2, 3 ndi 4 anapita patsogolo mu gel osakaniza poyerekeza ndi Kevlar kesi.

Mayesero omwe adachitika ndi magawo 9 a 200 GSM Kevlar akuwonetsa kuti projectile nambala 2 idapita patsogolo mu gel osakaniza poyerekeza ndi Kevlar kesi.Zinawoneka kuti ma projectile 3 ndi 4 anali ndi Kevlar otsekeredwa pamalo opanda kanthu zomwe zimalepheretsa bowa.Ma projectiles 3 ndi 4 adapita patsogolo mu gel osakaniza atalowa zigawo 9 za 200 GSM Kevlar poyerekeza ndi palibe Kevlar kesi.

Ndi mayeso omwe adachitika ndi zigawo 12 za 200 GSM Kevlar, zidawoneka kuti ma projectiles a 9 mm Parabellum FMJ, nambala 1 ndi 2, anali ndi mutu wosalala atalowa.Projectile nambala 4, ngakhale inalibe bowa kwambiri ndi dzenje lotsekedwa ndi Kevlar, idaphwanyidwa kwambiri m'mutu.Projectile nambala 3 sinachite bowa kwambiri, koma panali umboni woti nsonga ya mutu inali yopunduka.

Mayeso omwe adachitika ndi magawo 15 a 200 GSM Kevlar, anali ndi ma projectiles onse a FMJ omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za bowa.Nambala za projekiti 1 ndi 2 zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwakuya kolowera mu gel osambira poyerekeza ndi vuto la Kevlar.Pakadali pano, ma projectile 3 ndi 4 adayimitsidwa ndi zigawo za Kevlar.

Monga zikuwoneka muChithunzi 4, pamene maavareji pakati pa mfundozo amaganiziridwa, zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kutsetsereka kwa mzere wocheperako kulowa mu gel osakaniza kuti zichitike, kamodzi pachimake pafupifupi 6 zigawo za 200 GSM Kevlar wafika.200 GSM Kevlar ikuwonetsa ntchito yabwino poyerekeza ndi 160 GSM Kevlar, monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa.Pazigawo za 15 za 200 GSM Kevlar, ma projectiles nambala 3 ndi 4 ayimitsidwa, koma osati ma projectiles nambala 1 ndi 2. Potsatira chiwerengero cha gradient, akuti projectiles nambala 1 ndi 2 idzayimitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo 18 ndi 21 za 200 GSM Kevlar, motero.

• Mayeso a 400 GSM Kevlar adachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za zigawo 3, 6, 9 ndi 12, monga momwe zasonyezedwera muChithunzi 5.

4. Kusanthula ndi kukambirana za zotsatira

Chithunzi 6ikuwonetsa kufananiza kwa kuya kwa ma projectile osiyanasiyana mu magawo atatu a 160 GSM, 200 GSM ndi 400 GSM Kevlar.Monga zikuwoneka muChithunzi 6, ndi 9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles, 3 zigawo za 200 GSM Kevlar anaimitsa projectiles kutali kwambiri.3 zigawo za 400 GSM ndi 160 GSM Kevlar anasiya projectiles 1 ndi 2 kwambiri, motero.

Chithunzi 7,Chithunzi 9zikuwonetsa kuti palibe mawonekedwe ofanana okhala ndi ma projectile osiyanasiyana amitundu iwiri yosiyana ya GSM yofananira.Chitsanzo ndi zigawo 12 za 200 GSM Kevlar ndi zigawo 6 za 400 GSM Kevlar.Zitsanzo zonsezi zili ndi 2400 GSM Kevlar iliyonse.Poyerekeza zitsanzo ziwiri zosiyanazi, sizichepetsa mtunda wa projectiles ndi kuchuluka kofanana.Kugwirizana kofananako ndi zomaliza zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku zigawo zitatu za 400 GSM Kevlar ndi zigawo 6 za 200 GSM Kevlar.Iliyonse mwa milanduyi ili ndi zitsanzo za 1200 za GSM, koma zilibe mawonekedwe ofanana pazotsatira.

Avereji yokhotakhota ya projectiles 1 ndi 2, yowonetsedwa muChithunzi 4, kusonyeza kuti projectiles adzaima ndi 6 ndi 7 kuchulukitsa kwa 3 zigawo za 200 GSM Kevlar, motero (ie 18 ndi 21 zigawo za 200 GSM Kevlar).Pali chizolowezi chomwe pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa zigawo za Kevlar zomwe zimafunikira, poyerekeza ndi Kevlar yomwe idawonongeka kuti ayimitse ma projectiles.Ndi zigawo 18 ndi 21 za 200 GSM Kevlar, zidzapangitsa kuti projectiles 1 ndi 2 ziyime pafupifupi 9 ndi 10 zigawo za Kevlar.Chiwerengero cha zigawozi chikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo za Kevlar zomwe zili ndi ma Kevlar-only bullet proof vests.

Zina zomwe munganene:

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-vip-police-concealable-light-weight.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/high-quality-military-use-tactical-armor.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-ballistic-nij-iiia-pe-or-kevlar.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/bulletproof-vest-fdy3r-sk15.html

Makanema omwe mungawafotokozere:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zc-HYAXSaqs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtBaebU7CTw

5. Mapeto

Kuyerekeza kwa 160 GSM, 200 GSM ndi 400 GSMKevlarPansi pa ballistic impact apangidwa ndi mayeso a ballistic omwe amachitidwa ndi zida za 9 mm Parabellum komanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zigawo za Kevlar.Zinawoneka kuti zigawo zingapo za Kevlar sizothandiza kuletsa ma projectiles, koma zimakakamiza ma projectiles kuti apite patsogolo kulowa mu ballistic gel.Pokhapokha chiwerengero cha zigawo chiwonjezeke, kuchepa kwa projectile kulowa mu ballistic gel kunawonedwa.Chifukwa cha nsonga iyi yolowera, makamaka ndi ma projectiles a dzenje, chinali chifukwa cha dzenje lodzaza ndi zinthu za Kevlar ndikupanga ngati projectile ya FMJ.Zofananira zofananira zoyipa zidawonedwa pakati pa FMJ ndi ma hollow point projectiles, pomwe pachimake chafika.

Kufotokozera mwachidule zopereka za pepalali, zikhoza kutha:

• 1)

• Kugwira ntchito kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a 160 GSM, 200 GSM ndi 400 GSM magiredi a Kevlar osanjikiza ndi gel osambira adafufuzidwa, ndipo zidapezeka kuti 200 GSM Kevlar inali yothandiza kwambiri kuyimitsa projectile ya 9 mm Parabellum.

• 2)

• Zinapezeka kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya Kevlar yokhala ndi zolemera zosiyana (monga 200 GSM ndi 400 GSM Kevlar), zosanjikiza m'njira yoti zikhale ndi kulemera kofanana.

• 3)

• Mitundu inayi yosiyanasiyana ya zipolopolo za 9 mm Parabellum zidayesedwa, ndipo kuya kwake kolowera mu gel osakaniza zidadziwika pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za Kevlar.

• 4)

• Zinayesedwa kuti zida za 9 mm Parabellum, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zigawo za 21 za 200 GSM Kevlar zimafunika kuti zikhale zochepa kuti ziyimitse projectile.Zimaganiziridwa kuti, monga chitetezo cha chitetezo, chinthu chowonjezera chotetezera chikuphatikizidwa monga momwe kulowera kumadaliranso pazithunzi za projectile.

Kutengera zotsatira zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa za mawonekedwe a zigawo za Kevlar zolemera mosiyanasiyana, tikuyembekeza kuti izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ndikupanga ma vests otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima oteteza zipolopolo.

Mchitidwe wamba wowirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa zigawo za Kevlar ndi zofunika poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa zigawo zowonongeka, zingakhale zopindulitsa kufufuza kafukufuku wina ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.Kafukufuku wam'tsogolo atha kuwonetsanso momwe ma projectile ndi zida zazing'ono zili nazo pa Kevlar poyerekeza ndi zida za 9 mm Para.Momwemonso, kafukufuku wamtsogolo azitha kuzindikira momwe zida ndi ma projectiles amalowera 200 GSM Kevlar monga Kevlar yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito povala zipolopolo zokha.Ndi mawonekedwe omwe amawonedwa ndi ma hollow point projectiles akulowera mozama mu gel osakaniza, pomwe dzenjelo litatsekedwa ndi Kevlar, kafukufuku wamtsogolo angalole kudziwa ngati zotsatira zofananira zitha kuchitika ngati cholokeracho chidalowa muzovala, chisanalowe m'thupi. .

Kuyamikira

Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa pang'ono ndi aNational Research Foundation.Makampani ndi anthu otsatirawa akuvomerezedwa chifukwa cha thandizo lawo, chitsogozo, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo awo, motsatira zilembo: Borrie Bornman, John Evans, Center of Firearm Competency Assessment and Training Center (+27 39 315 0379;fcatc1@webafrica.org.za), Henns Arms (Wogulitsa Mfuti ndi Wopanga Mfuti;www.hennsarms.co.za;info@hennsarms.co.za), River Valley Farm & Nature Reserve (+27 82 694 2258;https://www.rivervalleynaturereserve.co.za/;info@jollyfresh.co.za), Marc Lee, David ndi Natasha Robert, Simms Arms (+27 39 315 6390;https://www.simmsarms.co.za;simmscraig@msn.com), Southern Sky Operations (+27 31 579 4141;www.skyops.co.za;mike@skyops.co.za), Louis ndi Leonie Stopforth.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti malingaliro a olemba mu pepalali sali kwenikweni maganizo a makampani, mabungwe ndi anthu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.Olembawo sanalandire phindu lazachuma pazoyesa zomwe zidachitika.