Zizindikiro Zochenjeza Pagalimoto Yapolisi-Njira Yatsopano Yopita Kuchitetezo cha Apolisi
Zizindikiro Zochenjeza Pagalimoto Yapolisi—Njira Yatsopano Yofikira Chitetezo cha Apolisi
Pakhala pali zokambirana zambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa zokhuza chitetezo cha magalimoto apolisi, pogwira ntchito komanso ayimitsidwa kapena osagwira ntchito, ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuvulala kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu.Kudumphadumpha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunika kwambiri pa zokambiranazi, zomwe ena amaziwona kukhala madera owopsa a magalimoto achitetezo (ndipo, malo omwe magalimoto ambiri ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu).Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti pali njira zochepetsera ngozizi.Pa utsogoleri, pali ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zomwe zingathe kukhazikitsidwa.Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko yomwe imangofunika magalimoto odzidzimutsa atayima pamagetsi ofiira pamene akuyankha ndikupitirizabe pokhapokha pamene msilikaliyo ali ndi chitsimikiziro chowonekera kuti mphambanoyo ndi yomveka bwino ikhoza kuchepetsa ngozi pa mphambano.Malamulo ena angafunike siren yomveka nthawi iliyonse yomwe galimoto ikuyenda ndipo nyali zake zochenjeza zimatha kuchenjeza magalimoto ena kuti ayende.Pa mbali yopangira machenjezo, teknoloji ya LED ikupangidwa mofulumira kwambiri, kuchokera ku diode imapanga kupanga mbali zowoneka bwino komanso zowala, kwa opanga kuwala kochenjeza kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba owonetsera ndi optic.Zotsatira zake ndi mawonekedwe amtengo wopepuka, mawonekedwe, ndi mphamvu zomwe makampani sanawonepo.Opanga magalimoto apolisi ndi ma upfitters nawonso akugwira nawo ntchito zoteteza chitetezo, mwanzeru kuyika magetsi ochenjeza pamalo ovuta pagalimotoyo.Ngakhale pali malo owonjezerapo kuti athetseretu nkhawa za mphambano, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ukadaulo wamakono ndi njira zomwe zimathandizira kuti mphambano ikhale yotetezeka kwa magalimoto apolisi ndi magalimoto ena omwe amakumana nawo pamsewu.
Malinga ndi a Lieutenant Joseph Phelps wa ku Rocky Hill, Connecticut, Dipatimenti ya Apolisi (RHPD) panthawi yosintha ya maola asanu ndi atatu, nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankha zadzidzidzi ndikudutsa m'mphambano zokhala ndi magetsi ndi ma siren akugwira ntchito ingakhale kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka nthawi yonse yosuntha. .Mwachitsanzo, iye akuti zimatenga pafupifupi masekondi asanu kuchokera pamene dalaivala walowa m’malo oopsa a mphambanoyo kufikira pamene iye wakhazikika.Ku Rocky Hill, malo okwana masikweya kilomita 14 ku Hartford, Connecticut, pali pafupifupi misewu yayikulu isanu mkati mwa chigawo cholondera.Izi zikutanthauza kuti wapolisi azikhala ndi galimoto yake pamalo owopsa kwa masekondi pafupifupi 25 pakuyimba kwapakati - kucheperako ngati njira yoyankhira sikufunika kudutsa onse.Galimoto yolondera m'derali nthawi zambiri imayankha mafoni awiri kapena atatu mwadzidzidzi ("kutentha") nthawi iliyonse.Kuchulutsa ziwerengerozi kumapereka RHPD lingaliro loyerekeza la kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe msilikali aliyense amathera kudutsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana panthawi iliyonse.Pamenepa, zimakhala pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, ndi masekondi 15 posinthana—mwa kuyankhula kwina, pa magawo awiri mwa magawo khumi a gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi aliwonse a galimoto yolondera ili m’dera loopsali.1
Kuopsa kwa Zochitika Pangozi
Palinso malo ena owopsa, komabe, omwe akuyamikiridwa kwambiri.Ndi nthawi yomwe galimotoyo imakhala itayima mumsewu ndipo magetsi ake ochenjeza akugwira ntchito.Zowopsa ndi zoopsa mderali zikuwoneka zikukulirakulira, makamaka usiku.Mwachitsanzo, Chithunzi cha 1 chikutengedwa kuchokera ku kanema wa kanema wamsewu waukulu kuchokera ku Indiana, pa February 5, 2017. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zomwe zinachitika pa I-65 ku Indianapolis zomwe zimaphatikizapo galimoto yothandizira pamapewa, zida zopulumutsira moto mumsewu wa 3, ndi galimoto yapolisi yotchinga msewu 2. Popanda kudziwa kuti chochitikacho ndi chiyani, magalimoto owopsa amawoneka kuti akuletsa magalimoto, ndikusunga malo otetezeka.Nyali zadzidzidzi zonse zikugwira ntchito, chenjezo loyandikira oyendetsa galimoto za ngoziyo - sipangakhale njira ina yowonjezera yomwe ingachepetse kuopsa kwa ngozi.Komabe, masekondi angapo pambuyo pake, galimoto ya apolisi idagundidwa ndi dalaivala wopuwala (Chithunzi 2).
Chithunzi 1
Chithunzi 2
Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa Chithunzi 2 ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa galimoto, zikanatheka chifukwa choyendetsa galimoto, zomwe zikukula m'nthawi ino ya mafoni a m'manja ndi mauthenga.Kuwonjezela pa ngozizi, kodi ukadaulo wochulukirachulukira wa nyali zochenjeza ungathandize kuti magalimoto a apolisi achuluke kumbuyo usiku?M'mbuyomu, anthu amakhulupirira kuti magetsi ambiri, kunyezimira, komanso mphamvu zambiri zimapanga chizindikiro chochenjeza, chomwe chingachepetse kugundana chakumbuyo.
Kuti tibwerere ku Rocky Hill, Connecticut, kuyimitsidwa kwa magalimoto ambiri mderali kumatenga mphindi 16, ndipo wapolisi amatha kuyimitsa anayi kapena asanu panthawi yosintha.Zikawonjezedwa ku mphindi 37 zomwe wapolisi wa RHPD amakhala nthawi zambiri pamalo angozi nthawi iliyonse, nthawi ino m'mphepete mwa msewu kapena pamalo oopsa amisewu amafika maola awiri kapena 24 peresenti ya maola asanu ndi atatu onse - nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa yomwe apolisi amathera m'misewu. .2 Kuchuluka kwa nthawiyi sikumaganizira za zomangamanga ndi zina zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale nthawi yotalikirapo m'dera lachiwiri lowopsa lagalimotoli.Ngakhale kuti pali nkhani yokhudza mphambano, kuyimitsidwa kwa magalimoto ndi zochitika za ngozi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Nkhani Yophunzira: Apolisi aku Massachusetts State
M'chilimwe cha 2010, a Massachusetts State Police (MSP) anali ndi ngozi zisanu ndi zitatu zakumbuyo zakumbuyo zomwe zimaphatikizapo magalimoto apolisi.Mmodzi anali wakupha, kupha MSP Sergeant Doug Weddleton.Zotsatira zake, a MSP adayambitsa kafukufuku kuti adziwe chomwe chingayambitse kuchuluka kwa magalimoto akumbuyo kumbuyo ndi magalimoto oyendera omwe adayimitsidwa pakati.Gulu linapangidwa pamodzi ndi panthawiyo Sergeant Mark Caron komanso woyang'anira zombo zamakono, Sergeant Karl Brenner omwe anaphatikizapo ogwira ntchito ku MSP, anthu wamba, oimira opanga, ndi mainjiniya.Gululi linagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti lidziwe zotsatira za magetsi ochenjeza oyendetsa galimoto oyandikira, komanso zotsatira za tepi yowonjezera yokhomerera kumbuyo kwa magalimoto.Anaganiziranso za kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu omwe adawonetsa kuti anthu amakonda kuyang'ana magetsi owala komanso omwe adawonetsa kuti madalaivala opunduka amakonda kuyendetsa pomwe akuyang'ana.Kuphatikiza pa kuyang'ana kafukufuku, adayesa kuyesa, komwe kunachitika pabwalo la ndege lotsekedwa ku Massachusetts.Anthuwo anapemphedwa kuti ayende pa liwiro la misewu ikuluikulu ndi kuyandikira galimoto ya apolisi yoyesera yomwe inakokedwa m’mbali mwa “msewu”wo.Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe zizindikiro zochenjeza zimakhudzira, kuyezetsa kumakhudza masana ndi usiku.Kwa madalaivala ambiri okhudzidwawo, mphamvu ya magetsi ochenjeza usiku inkaoneka kukhala yododometsa kwambiri.Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa momveka bwino zovuta zomwe ma chenjezo owunikira atha kuwonetsa kwa madalaivala oyandikira.
Anthu ena ankayang'ana kumbali akuyandikira galimotoyo, pamene ena sankatha kuchotsa maso awo pa kuwala kwa buluu, wofiira, ndi amber.Zinadziwika mwamsanga kuti kuwala kwa kuwala kochenjeza ndi kung'anima komwe kuli koyenera poyankha kupyolera mumsewu masana sikuli kofanana ndi kung'anima ndi mphamvu yomwe ili yoyenera pamene galimoto ya apolisi imayimitsidwa pamsewu waukulu usiku."Ayenera kukhala osiyana, komanso momwe zinthu zilili," adatero Sgt.Brenner.3
Oyang'anira zombo za MSP adayesa matani osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kuyambira pakuwala kofulumira, kowala mpaka pang'onopang'ono, mapatani olumikizana mochepa kwambiri.Iwo anafika pochotsa chinthu chonyezimira chonsecho ndi kuyesa mitundu yokhazikika yosanyezimira ya kuwala.Chodetsa nkhaŵa chimodzi chachikulu chinali kusachepetsa kuwala kwakuti sikumawonekeranso mosavuta kapena kuonjezera nthawi yomwe inatenga kuyandikira oyendetsa galimoto kuti azindikire galimoto yomwe ikukhudzidwa.Pomalizira pake anakhazikika pazithunzi zausiku zomwe zinali zosakanikirana pakati pa kuwala kosasunthika ndi kuwala kofanana ndi buluu.Anthu oyesedwawo adavomereza kuti adatha kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe a hybrid flash mwachangu komanso kuchokera pamtunda wofanana ndi mawonekedwe ofulumira, owoneka bwino, koma popanda zododometsa zomwe nyali zowala zidayambitsa usiku.Uwu ndiwo mtundu womwe MSP umayenera kugwiritsa ntchito poyimitsa magalimoto apolisi usiku.Komabe, vuto lotsatira linakhala momwe mungakwaniritsire izi popanda kufunikira kwa dalaivala.Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri chifukwa kukanikiza batani lina kapena kuyatsa masiwichi osiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku komanso momwe zinthu zilili pa nthawiyo zingapangitse kuti wapolisiyo asamaganizire kwambiri za vuto la ngozi kapena kuyimitsidwa kwa magalimoto.
MSP inagwirizana ndi wothandizira magetsi kuti apange njira zitatu zowunikira zowunikira zomwe zinaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la MSP kuti ayesetsenso ntchito.Njira yatsopano yoyankhira imagwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe osinthira kumanzere kupita kumanja a kuwala kwa buluu ndi koyera m'njira yosagwirizanitsa mwamphamvu kwambiri.Njira yoyankhira idakonzedwa kuti iyatse nthawi iliyonse magetsi ochenjeza akugwira ntchito ndipo galimotoyo ili kunja kwa "park."Cholinga apa ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu, zochitika, ndi kung'anima kwambiri momwe zingathere pamene galimotoyo ikufuna njira yoyenera yopita ku chochitika.Njira yachiwiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndi malo osungira masana.Masana, galimoto ikasinthidwa kukhala paki, pamene nyali zochenjeza zikugwira ntchito, njira yoyankhira nthawi yomweyo imasintha ndi kuphulika kwamtundu wa in/out mtundu.Zonse zounikira zoyera zimachotsedwa, ndi kumbuyo kwakuwalaamawonetsa kuwala kofiyira ndi buluu mosinthasintha.
Kusintha kuchokera ku kung'anima kosinthika kupita ku mtundu wa mkati / kunja kumapangidwira kuti afotokoze momveka bwino m'mphepete mwa galimoto ndikupanga "block" yokulirapo ya kuwala kowala.Kuchokera patali, makamaka nyengo yoipa, mawonekedwe a mkati/wotuluka amagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri posonyeza malo amene galimotoyo ili m’msewu kwa oyendetsa galimoto oyandikira, kusiyana ndi mmene kuwala kumasinthira.4
Njira yachitatu yochenjeza kuwala kwa MSP ndi njira yapapaki yausiku.Magetsi ochenjeza akugwira ntchito ndipo galimotoyo ikayikidwa pamalo pomwe pali kuwala kochepa, kuwala kwausiku kumawonekera.Kung'anima kwa magetsi onse ochenjeza otsika kumachepetsedwa mpaka 60 pa mphindi imodzi, ndipo mphamvu yake imatsika kwambiri.ThekuwalaZosintha zowoneka bwino pamapangidwe osakanizidwa omwe angopangidwa kumene, otchedwa "Steady-Flash," kutulutsa kuwala kocheperako kwa buluu ndikuthwanima masekondi 2 mpaka 3 aliwonse.Kumbuyo kwakuwala, kuwala kwa buluu ndi kofiira kuchokera kumapaki a masana kumasinthidwa kukhala buluu ndi kuwala kwa amber usiku."Pomaliza tili ndi njira yochenjeza yomwe imatengera magalimoto athu kumalo atsopano otetezeka," akutero Sgt.Brenner.Pofika mu Epulo 2018, MSP ili ndi magalimoto opitilira 1,000 pamsewu okhala ndi magetsi ochenjeza.Malinga ndi Sgt.Brenner, zochitika zakugundana kumbuyo kwa magalimoto apolisi oyimitsidwa zachepetsedwa kwambiri.5
Kupititsa patsogolo Magetsi Ochenjeza kwa Chitetezo cha Apolisi
Tekinoloje yochenjeza yowunikira sinasiye kupita patsogolo pomwe dongosolo la MSP lidakhazikitsidwa.Zizindikiro zamagalimoto (monga giya, zochita zoyendetsa, kuyenda) tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa zovuta zingapo zowunikira machenjezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chiwonjezeke.Mwachitsanzo, pali kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha chitseko cha dalaivala kuti muchotse kuwala komwe kumachokera kumbali ya dalaivala yakuwalapamene chitseko chikutseguka.Izi zimapangitsa kulowa ndi kutuluka mgalimoto momasuka komanso kumachepetsa zotsatira za khungu la usiku kwa apolisi.Kuonjezera apo, ngati msilikali akuyenera kubisala kumbuyo kwa chitseko chotseguka, kudodometsa kwa msilikali chifukwa cha kuwala kwakukulu, komanso kuwala komwe kumapangitsa kuti phunziro liwone msilikali tsopano kulibe.Chitsanzo china ndikugwiritsa ntchito siginecha ya brake yagalimoto kuti isinthe chakumbuyokuwalamagetsi panthawi yoyankhira.Akuluakulu omwe adatenga nawo gawo pakuyankha kwamagalimoto ambiri amadziwa momwe zimakhalira kutsatira galimoto yomwe ili ndi nyali zowala kwambiri ndipo osatha kuwona mabuleki chifukwa chake.Muchitsanzo cha nyali zochenjeza, pamene chopondapo chikanikizidwa, magetsi awiri kumbuyo kwakuwalakusintha kukhala ofiira okhazikika, kuonjezera magetsi amabuleki.Nyali zotsalira zoyang'ana kumbuyo zimatha kuzimitsidwa nthawi imodzi kapena kuzimitsidwa kwathunthu kuti ziwonjezeke bwino chizindikiro cha braking.
Komabe, kupita patsogolo sikukhala ndi mavuto awoawo.Chimodzi mwazovutazi ndikuti miyezo yamakampani yalephera kuyenderana ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.M'malo ochenjeza ndi ma siren, pali mabungwe anayi akuluakulu omwe amapanga miyezo yoyendetsera ntchito: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE);Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS);Federal Specification for the Star of Life Ambulance (KKK-A-1822);ndi National Fire Protection Administration (NFPA).Iliyonse mwa mabungwewa ili ndi zofunikira zake monga zikukhudzana ndi machitidwe ochenjeza pamagalimoto oyankha mwadzidzidzi.Zonse zili ndi zofunikira zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pokwaniritsa mulingo wocheperako wotulutsa kuwala kwa nyali zowunikira mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri pomwe miyezo idakhazikitsidwa koyamba.Zinali zovuta kwambiri kufikira milingo yamphamvu yochenjeza ndi ma halogen ndi ma strobe flash source.Komabe, tsopano, chowunikira chaching'ono cha mainchesi 5 kuchokera kwa opanga magetsi ochenjeza amatha kutulutsa mphamvu yofanana ndi momwe galimoto yonse idachitira zaka zapitazo.Pamene 10 kapena 20 a iwo aikidwa pa galimoto yodzidzimutsa yoyimitsidwa usiku pamsewu wa msewu, magetsi angakhale akupanga mkhalidwe womwe umakhala wotetezeka kwambiri kusiyana ndi zochitika zofanana ndi magwero ounikira akale, ngakhale kuti akutsatira miyezo yowunikira.Izi ndichifukwa choti miyezo imangofunika pang'onopang'ono.Madzulo adzuwa owala, nyali zonyezimira mwina ndizoyenera, koma usiku, ndi milingo yocheperako yozungulira, mawonekedwe a kuwala komweko ndi mphamvu sizingakhale zosankha zabwino kwambiri kapena zotetezeka.Pakadali pano, palibe chilichonse mwazomwe zimafunikira pakuwunika kwamagetsi kuchokera kumabungwewa zomwe zimatengera kuwala kozungulira, koma mulingo womwe umasintha potengera kuwala kozungulira ndi zina zitha kuchepetsa kugundana ndi zododometsa zakumbuyoku.
Mapeto
Tapita kutali m'kanthawi kochepa, pankhani yachitetezo chamwadzidzidzi chagalimoto.Monga Sgt.Brenner akuti,
Ntchito ya oyang'anira oyang'anira ndi oyankha koyamba ndi yowopsa mwachilengedwe ndipo amayenera kudziika pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse paulendo wawo.Tekinoloje iyi imalola msilikaliyo kuti ayang'ane kwambiri pa chiwopsezo kapena momwe zinthu zilili popanda kuyikapo magetsi pamagetsi.Izi zimathandiza kuti zipangizo zamakono zikhale gawo la njira yothetsera vutoli m'malo mowonjezera ngozi.6
Tsoka ilo, mabungwe ambiri apolisi ndi oyang'anira zombo mwina sakudziwa kuti pali njira zowongolera zoopsa zomwe zatsala.Mavuto ena a machenjezo amatha kuwongoleredwa mosavuta ndi ukadaulo wamakono - tsopano popeza galimotoyo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe a machenjezo owoneka ndi omveka, zotheka ndi zopanda malire.Madipatimenti ochulukirachulukira akuphatikiza machenjezo osinthika m'magalimoto awo, ndikuwonetsetsa zomwe zili zoyenera pazomwe zaperekedwa.Zotsatira zake zimakhala magalimoto otetezeka komanso ngozi zochepetsera kuvulala, imfa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa katundu.
Chithunzi 3
Ndemanga:
1 Joseph Phelps (lieutenant, Rocky Hill, CT, Police department), kuyankhulana, Januware 25, 2018.
2 Phelps, kuyankhulana.
3 Karl Brenner (Sergeant, Massachusetts State Police), kuyankhulana patelefoni, Januware 30, 2018.
4 Eric Maurice (woyang'anira malonda mkati, Whelen Engineering Co.), kuyankhulana, Januware 31, 2018.
5 Brenner, kuyankhulana.
6 Karl Brenner, imelo, Januware 2018.