Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makamera Owonongeka Kwambiri Pamalamulo
Kugwiritsa NtchitoMakamera Ovala Thupi in Kukhazikitsa Malamulo
ABSTRACT
Lingaliro la anthu pankhani ya kutsata malamulo asintha m'dziko lonselo.Ndi zochitika zaposachedwa monga kuwombera kwa Michael Brown, machitidwe apolisi tsopano ndi nkhani ya mkangano wapadziko lonse.Kukhazikitsa mapologalamu a makamera ovala thupi ndiko patsogolo pamikangano imeneyo.Oyang'anira apolisi akuyang'ana njira zothetsera vutoli kuti anthu ayambenso kukhulupirirana komanso kuthetsa mikangano m'madera awo.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera ovala thupi kumathandizira kukwaniritsa zolingazi.Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi kumawonjezera kuwonekera komanso kuyankha kwa maofesala, zomwe zimachepetsa madandaulo a nzika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa apolisi.Kuphatikiza apo, umboni wamakanema wojambulidwa ndi makamerawa umathandizira pakumanga milandu yamphamvu kwambiri.Pali zabwino ndi zoyipa pakukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya kamera ya thupi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu kudzapindulitsa mabungwe ndi anthu onse.Mapulogalamu ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yamphamvu komanso yokonzedwa bwino.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera ovala thupi kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata malamulo.
kotero kamera yamthupi ndiyothandiza m'derali, ndipo SENKEN-factory ku China imagwira ntchito bwino popanga kamera yamthupi.
Kugwira ntchito pama kamera ambiri apamwamba kwambiri, omwe ndi mtsogoleri mderali, akupereka thupi kwa apolisi aku China, apolisi aku Europe komanso pafupifupi apolisi padziko lonse lapansi.kuti zambiri zamakampani onani ulalo womwe uli pansipa:
https://www.senken-international.com/
ndi makamera amthupi ambiri onani ulalo womwe uli pansipa:
https://www.senken-international.com/search.html
Kanema wina wa kamera ya thupi onani pansipa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMO_UP4LZBk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyfjQSH4rzQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKE6KGhMiDU&t=161s
MAU OYAMBA
Kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji muolimbikitsa malamulochakhala chofunikira.Ukadaulo walolaolimbikitsa malamulomabungwe kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera tsiku ndi tsiku.Mbiri yatsimikizira izi poyambitsa makina ojambulira magalimoto, wailesi, makompyuta ndi zomvera / zowonera.Izi ndi zochepa chabe mwa zopita patsogolo zomwe zakhala ndi zotsatira zabwinoolimbikitsa malamulo.Tekinoloje ikusintha nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake malamulo apitiliza kusintha.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amakanema ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zaukadaulo zomwe apolisi amazigwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera am'mbuyomu kunali kwapadera kumagawo apadera monga, ofufuza zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, magulu a SWAT, ndi zipinda zoyankhulirana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza.Otsatira malamulo amasiku ano azindikiradi kuthekera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito makamera a kanema, ndipo akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.Makamera opepuka ofiyira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma municipalities ambiri kuti athandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zophwanya malamulo panjira zinazake.Ma drone apamlengalenga ali ndi makamera apakanema omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza pakufufuza.Koma chotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri makamera amakanema ndi in car video system (ICVS).Madipatimenti ambiri m'dziko lonselo adagwiritsa ntchito ICVS.Machitidwe oyambirira a zitsanzo anali maziko pa teknoloji ya VHS.Mayunitsi awa sanali aluso kwambiri.Akuluakulu adasintha tepiyo mugawoli nthawi iliyonse yomwe idajambula china chake chaumboni, ngakhale pakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji patepiyo.Mitundu yatsopano idabwera ndi kukweza kwaukadaulo.Mayunitsi awa anali a digito komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri.Deta idasungidwa pa hard drive.Kuti mutenge kanema wofunikira kuchokera kumagulu awa pamafunika kukokera chosungira ndikungotsitsa 2 kutsitsa komwe kumafunikira.Mitundu yatsopano kwambiri tsopano ndi yopanda manja.Zambiri zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku ICVS kupita ku seva yotetezeka ku dipatimenti ya apolisi kudzera pa Bluetooth kapenaWIFI.ICVS yalola madipatimenti kuti azitsatira malamulo okhudza tsankho.Ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito popereka madandaulo kwa maofesala.ICVS ili ndi malire ake.Imangojambula zomwe zikuchitika kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo ndipo maikolofoni ili ndi malire ochepa.Zoperewera ziwiri za ICVS komanso kusakhulupirirana kwa apolisi m'madera ambiri kunatsegula njira yokhazikitsira makamera ovala thupi potsatira malamulo.Makamera amthupi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kupambana kwakukulu.Makamerawa amalola kuti kukhudzana konse kulembedwe.Kanema yemwe adasonkhanitsidwa mkati mwa nyumbayo ndi umboni watsopano komanso wofunikira pakumanga milandu yolimba komanso kuimbidwa mlandu wotsatira.Kuwonetsetsa kwa apolisi ndi kuyankha ndi phindu lina lalikulu.Akuluakulu pozindikira kamera yomwe ili pathupi lawo adzawatsimikizira kuti azichita mwaukadaulo.Izi zidzachepetsanso madandaulo kwa maofesala ndikuthandizira kuthetsa madandaulo opanda pake munthawi yake.Izi ndi zifukwa zonse zomwe makamera amthupi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalamulo amasiku ano
Kanema wina wa kamera ya thupi onani pansipa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMO_UP4LZBk
POSITION
Mabungwe azamalamulom'dziko lonselo amasiyana kukula kwake ndipo kuchuluka kwa madera omwe akutumikira kumasiyana kwambiri;komabe, onse ali ndi zopinga ndi mavuto ofanana.Kukhulupirirana ndi anthu ndi kuyankha kwa akuluakulu ndi madera awiri ofunika kwambiri.Kuchita molakwika kwa apolisi kapena kulakwa komwe kumanenedwa kungayambitse kufalitsa nkhani zoipa, kuunika kwa anthu, ndi milandu ku bungwe.3 Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera a kanema ndi oyang'anira oyang'anira zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri.Makamera amathandizira kuwonekera kwa apolisi komanso kuyankha.Makamera ovala thupi ndi apolisi atengera madera awiriwa pamlingo wina.Nzika ndi apolisi amakhala ndi mwayi wochita zinthu moyenera, podziwa kuti makamera alipo.Lovett anapeza kuti William A. Farrar, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya apolisi ya Rialto anati: “Mukayika kamera pa wapolisi, amakhala ndi khalidwe labwinoko… azichita bwino pang'ono (monga momwe adatchulidwira mu White, 2014, p.11).Jay Stanley, katswiri wamkulu wa ndondomeko ya American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito makamera a thupi "ali ndi mwayi wopambana" (Lopez, 2015, p. 4).Madandaulo a nzika pa maofesala ndi zinthu zomwe maboma amayenera kuthana nazo nthawi zambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi kumatha kupereka kanema wazomwe akunenedwazo ndikuthandizira kuchitapo kanthu koyenera, ngati kulipo.Jay Stanly adalangiza kuti Sgt.Richard Royce, yemwe amagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti ya apolisi ku Rialto adagawana vidiyoyi kuchokera pa kamera yamthupi yomwe idamuchotsa mlandu.Iye anati, "Ndikadakonda kukhala ndi chithunzi changa cha zomwe zinachitikazo ndijambula kanema wotanthauzira momveka bwino momwe ndimawonera, kenako ndimayang'ana kanema wamakamera amtundu wa munthu" (Abdollah, 2014, p.4).Malingana ndi Fusion Investigates, Fossi-Garcia, ndi Lieberman (2014), Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ya Albuquerque inapereka madandaulo a nzika 598 m'zaka zitatu. .Dipatimenti ya Police ya Rialtokamera yovala thupiKafukufuku adapeza kutsika kwa 88% kwa madandaulo a nzika komanso kuchepa kwa 60% pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Zinapezanso kuti masinthidwe omwe sanagwiritse ntchito makamera amthupi anali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manambala amphamvu kawiri kuposa masinthidwe omwe 4 amagwiritsa ntchito makamera (White, 2014).Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ya Mesa idachita kafukufuku wamakamera ovala thupi pogwiritsa ntchito apolisi 100, pomwe 50 adavala makamera ndipo 50 sanavale.Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya kafukufukuyu, maofesala omwe amavala makamera anali ndi madandaulo a nzika.Apolisi opanda makamera anali ndi madandaulo 23 (White, 2014).Woyimira boma ku Salt Lake County, Sam Gill adati, "Apolisi ambiri amagwira ntchito yawo molemekezeka, koma ... 't”(Fusion Investigate, Fossi-Garcia, Lieberman, 2014, p.4).Pambuyo pa imfa ya Michael Brown ndi Eric Gardner, pali gulu lodana ndi apolisi lomwe likufalikira m'dziko lonselo komanso kusakhulupirirana ndi anthu aku Africa America.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi ndi gawo loyenera kuti muyambirenso chidaliro chimenecho.Santora (monga momwe White adatchulidwira, 2014) adapeza kuti Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku New York inali nkhani yamilandu ya federal pa pulogalamu yotsutsana ya Stop, Question and Frisk (SQF) mu August wa 2013. Pulogalamuyi inapezeka kuti ndi yosagwirizana ndi malamulo komanso Woweruza wotsogolera Shira Scheindlin analamula kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi kwa maofesala omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe pulogalamuyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Chiyembekezo chinali chobweretsa dipatimentiyo kuti igwirizane ndi malamulo okhudza tsankho (White, 2014, p.12).Mbali yachiweruzo yazamalamulo yapindula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi.Ntchito yaikulu ya mabungwe azamalamulo ndi kuteteza ndi kutumikira madera awo.Chimodzi mwa ntchitozi ndikukhazikitsa milandu yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ozenga milandu athe kuweruza bwino milanduyo.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makamera amthupi kwalola zolemba zonse za maofesala omwe amalumikizana ndi anthu, motero kumapereka umboni wowonjezera wamavidiyo.Malinga ndi National Institute of Justice (2012), 91% mwa otsutsa 5 omwe adafunsidwa adavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito umboni wamavidiyo kukhoti.Mwa iwo, 58% adakhala nthawi yochepa kukhothi.Umboni wa kanema wojambulidwa kuchokera pa kamera yamthupi umalola oweruza kuti awone zomwe wozengedwayo amachita osati wovala bwino komanso woimbidwa mlandu atakhala m'bwalo lamilandu (McFarlin, 2015).
Kanema wina wa kamera ya thupi onani pansipa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyfjQSH4rzQ
POSINTHA POSI
Kugwiritsa ntchitokamera yovala thupiamabwera ndi zovuta zina.Mtengo wokhazikitsa makamera mwina ndiwokwera kwambiri.Masiku anoolimbikitsa malamulomabungwe, bajeti ndizolimba ndipo dola iliyonse imawerengedwa.National Institute of Justice (2014) idachita kafukufuku wotsatsa wamitundu 18 yamakamera ovala thupi.Makamera amakhala pamtengo kuchokera pa $119.95 mpaka $1,000.00.Mitengo imasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo kusankha chitsanzo kumadalira zosowa za bungwe ndi ndalama zomwe zilipo.Madipatimenti ambiri amagwira ntchito maola 10 mpaka 12 kuti achulukitse ogwira ntchito.Nthawi yojambulira ya mayunitsi a kamera imachokera ku 1.2 mpaka maola 128 (National Institute of Justice, 2014).Magawo ena adzafunika mapulogalamu kuti agulidwe.Mabatire owonjezera ndi ma docks adzafunikanso.Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wa mayunitsi, pakufunika malo owonjezera osungira media.Madipatimenti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ICVSand ali ndi zosungirako zowonera makanema ojambulidwa kuchokera kumayunitsiwo.Makamera a thupiadzawonjezera posungirako.Jay Stanley ndi ACLU, adapeza kuti zingawononge $ 33 miliyoni kugula makamera amthupi kwa apolisi onse ku New York City Police department.Anapezanso mu 2013, mzinda wa New York udalipira $ 152 miliyoni pazolakwa za apolisi.Pogwiritsa ntchito manambala amenewo, Stanley akuwonetsa kuti ngati pulogalamu yamakamera imangochepetsa zonena zolakwa ndi gawo limodzi, pulogalamuyo imadzilipira yokha (Lopez, 2015, p.5).6 Dees (2014) adayerekeza kuchuluka kwa media media omwe bungwe la 50 lingapange pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Taser Axon.Chigawochi chimasunga zojambula pazithunzi za 640X480 kanema wazithunzi (VGA).Masinthidwe atatu amatha kupanga mavidiyo a 360GB patsiku, omwe amamasulira ma terabytes khumi pamwezi.Njira imodzi yochepetsera mtengo wosungirako ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zosungira mitambo.Amazon Web Service (AWS) ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zosungirako.Mabizinesi akuluakulu ambiri komanso boma la federal limagwiritsa ntchito AWS posungira (Dees, 2014).Ndondomeko yochepetsera nthawi yotsegula makamera ndi njira yothetsera mavidiyo omwe akusungidwa.Ntchito ya Mesa idagwiritsa ntchito makamera 50 kwa chaka chimodzi.Theka loyamba la chaka, maofesala adagwira ntchito motsatira ndondomeko yomwe onse omwe amalumikizana ndi anthu amajambulidwa.Akuluakulu amapanga, pafupifupi, mavidiyo 2,327 pamwezi.Theka lachiwiri la chaka, akuluakulu adagwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo poyambitsa makamera.Izi zinachepetsa mavidiyo opangidwa ku 1,353 pamwezi, kuchepetsa 42% (White,2014).Madipatimenti amafunikanso kufufuza momwe kamera iliyonse imagwirira ntchito ndikungogula mtundu womwe amafunikira.Izi zidzachepetsa mtengo woyambira wagawo lililonse.Madipatimenti amatha kufunafuna ndalama zothandizira kapena njira zina zopezera ndalama kuti athe kugula izi.Purezidenti Barack Obama wakonza phukusi lazaka zitatu la $263 miliyoni (Schlegel, 2014).Izi zidzalola mabungwe angapo m'dziko lonselo kugula makamera.Njira inanso yochepetsera ndalama ndikusintha ICVS ndi makamera ovala thupi.Izi zitha kupulumutsa pamtengo wamayunitsi komanso kusungirako media.Makamera amthupi ali ndi malire.Chimodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri ndi gawo la thupi lomwe likhoza kukwezedwa.Mwa mitundu 18 yomwe idafunsidwa, ambiri aiwo amakwera pachifuwa kapena lamba wa 7 wapolisi (NIJ, 2014).Vuto la makamera okhala pachifuwa ndikuti amachepetsa mawonekedwe a kamera.Ngati msilikali akuwombera chida chake, kamera ikhoza kujambula manja a msilikaliyo chifukwa cha udindo wa thupi ("10 Limitations," 2014).Kamera ikusonkhanitsabe umboni wofunikira, koma si chithunzi chonse.Komabe, pali mitundu iwiri ya makamera omwe amatha kuikidwa pamutu wa mkuluyo.AXON Flexattaches ku magalasi omwe apolisi amavala (NIJ, 2014).Kanema wa mayunitsiwa atha kukhala momwe mkuluyo amawonera ndikuthandizira kutaya zithunzi zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zovuta za maudindo.Chinanso chachikulu chobwezera makamera amthupi ndikuti amadaliridwa kwambiri.Makamerandi chida chabwino chothandizira pakufufuza kulikonse koma sikuyenera kudaliridwa kokha.Makamera akhoza kapena sangalembe chilichonse chomwe wapolisi akuwona pazochitika zovuta.Mwachitsanzo, wapolisi wa ku Oakland Police Department adathamangitsa munthu wokayikira, zomwe zinatha ndi kuwombera ndi kupha munthu wokayikirayo.Wapolisiyo ananena kuti munthuyu anali ndi mfuti.Wapolisiyo anali atavala kamera yokhala pachifuwa.Mzinda wa Oakland udawononga ndalama zochulukirapo kuti katswiri awone chithunzi cha kamera ya msilikaliyo.Chifukwa cha mbali ya kamera, palibe mfuti yomwe idawoneka m'manja mwa wokayikirayo.Dipatimentiyi idaganiza zochotsa mkuluyo chifukwa chochita zinthu monyanyira, koma pambuyo pake mkuluyo adatsutsidwa.Mfutiyo inali muudzu pamalopo (Abdollah, 2014).Phunziro ndi lakuti chifukwa chakuti kamera siinagwire pavidiyo sizikutanthauza kuti sizinachitike.Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo mu makamera kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa.Apolisi amagwira ntchito maola 24 patsiku.Ndizomveka kuganiza kuti maofesala azilumikizana ndi anthu nthawi yausiku kapena pamalo ochepera 8.Makamera ambiri amthupi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ausiku.Kukonzekera uku, pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a makamera, kumathandiza kuti kamera ione zomwe diso la munthu silingathe usiku kapena kuwala kochepa ("10 Limitations," 2014).Mwachitsanzo, wapolisi amakhala pamutu wina usiku ndipo mutuwo ali ndi foni yam'manja.Wapolisiyo sangathe kuziwona bwino ndikuziwona ngati zowopseza.Makanema amawonetsa kuti ndi foni yam'manja.Mfundo imeneyi iyenera kuganiziridwa pofufuza.Chowonadi pazochitikazo sichiyenera kukhazikika pazomwe vidiyoyo idajambulidwa, zidziwitso zonse monga mboni, zonena za apolisi, akatswiri azamalamulo, ndi zaumunthu ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakufufuza ("10 Limitations,"2014).Nkhani zachinsinsi ndi vuto lina lomwe ladziwika.Malinga ndi NIJ (Man Tech, 2014, 7), malamulo aboma amafuna chikalata chojambulira zithunzi kapena makanema a anthu m'malo omwe amayembekeza zachinsinsi.Komanso mayiko angapo amafuna kuti onse omwe akukambirana nawo avomereze kujambula (White, 2014).Chowonjezera pazinsinsi ndi anthu omwe akulemba bulangeti lotseguka lofunsira kanema wotengedwa ndi makamera ovala thupi.Mwamuna wosadziwika, yemwe amakhala ku Seattle, Washington, adalemba pempho la mavidiyo onse a makamera amthupi.Kenako bamboyo amaika mavidiyowo pa njira ya YouTube yotchedwa Police VideoRequests.Munthu wosadziwika dzina lake ananena kuti cholinga chake n’chakuti anthu azisamala zachinsinsi chawo akaitanidwa apolisi.Adanenedwa kuti, "Ngati palibe china, ndikuyesera kuwonetsa kuti mabungwe adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwe malamulo sathana nawo ..." (Alexander, 2014, p.1).Nkhani zachinsinsi zitha kupewedwa pokhazikitsa mfundo ndi maphunziro opangidwa bwino kwa maofesala (White, 2014).
Kanema wina wa kamera ya thupi onani pansipa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKE6KGhMiDU&t=161s
MALANGIZO
Kukhazikitsa malamulomabungwe ndi ena mwa ogula kwambiri zamakono, ndi makamera a kanema omwe ali pamwamba.Makamera amaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo ubwino wake umaposa mavuto.Kugwiritsa ntchitomakamera ovala thupizikhale chimodzimodzi.Kukhazikitsa makamera amthupi mu bungwe kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi mfundo zolimba komanso maphunziro a maofesala.Makamera amathandizira kuyankha kwa apolisi komanso kuwonekera, zomwe ndi nkhani ziwiri zazikulu zamaofesi apolisi.Apolisi ndi nzika zonse zimakhala ndi chizolowezi chochita moyenera podziwa kuti pali kamera.Kanema wochokera ku makamera amthupi athandizira pakufufuza madandaulo pa maofesala ndikumanga milandu yolimba kuti adzazengedwe pambuyo pake.Mtengo wa makamera amthupi ukhoza kukhala cholemetsa chachikulu pa mabungwe.Mabungwe ambiri amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa ndipo kupeza ndalama zopangira makamera kumakhala kovuta.Pali zingapo zosiyanazitsanzo za kamera, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana incost.Mabungwe akuyenera kufufuza luso la magawowa ndikusankha chitsanzo chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zosowa za dipatimentiyo.Zokwera mtengo kwambiri sizingakhale zabwino kwa bungwe linalake.Thandizo lazachuma likupezeka kwa mabungwe omwe sangakwanitse kugula makamera.Kufunsira thandizo la federal ndi njira yabwino yopezera ndalama komanso ndalama zolanda zitha kupezeka.Ndalamazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zosungirako zowonjezera zofalitsa.Makamera amthupi ali ndi malire koma akadali owonjezera.Makamera mwina sangalembe momveka bwino zomwe wapolisiyo akuyang'ana, chifukwa cha malo omwe adayikidwa pathupi.Komabe, amaperekabe umboni wamawu womwe ungakhale wothandiza.Pali makamera 10 ochepa omwe amalola kuyika pamutu.Izi zitha kukonza malire oyikapo.Mavidiyo a kamera ya thupi amadalira kwambiri.Boma ndi apolisi onse amakonda kutsindika kwambiri zomwe amawona pavidiyo.Ngakhale kuti vidiyoyi ndi yofunika, siyenera kukhala chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimaganiziridwa.Tekinoloje ya kamerazapita patsogolo luso la diso la munthu.Izi ndizofala kwambiri usiku kapena m'malo ochepa.Kufufuza mozama bwino ndikuganizira zonse zomwe zikuchitika ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito makamera amthupi kwadzetsa nkhawa zachinsinsi.Malamulo achinsinsi amasiyana malinga ndi boma ndipo ndi nkhani yofunika kuiganizira.Malamulo atsopano amafunikira kuti alole kuti makamera a thupi asaloledwe, koma mfundo yofufuzidwa bwino komanso yolembedwa ndiyo yankho pano.Kamera yamakanema imakhala ndi malo omvera malamulo.Kamera ya thupi, ngakhale yotsutsana, imakhala yopindulitsa kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe amavala yunifolomu tsiku lililonse.Akuluakulu akhoza kukayikira za kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu ya kamera ya thupi, koma izi zidzadutsa ndi nthawi ndi chidziwitso.Izi zinalinso zoona pamene mapulogalamu a ICVS anakhazikitsidwa.Ukadaulo ukhoza kukhala wokwera mtengo koma ndalama zilipo kuti mabungwe agule makamerawa.Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yovala thupi, mabungwe ayenera kukhala ndi malangizo omveka bwino omwe akufuna kupita ndi makamera ndikuchita kafukufuku.Pali kafukufuku wochepa pakali pano, koma si chifukwa chakuti madipatimenti asadziphunzitse okha.Zinthu ziwiri zomaliza ndi ndondomeko yolembedwa bwino ndiyofunika ndikutsatiridwa ndi maphunziro.National Institute of Justice ili ndi ma tempuleti oti aliyense agwiritse ntchito.Kutengera ndi chidziwitso chonse, makamera ovala thupi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata malamulo.
MALONJE
Zochepera 10 zamakamera amthupi omwe muyenera kudziwa kuti mutetezeke.(2014, Seputembara 23).Kuchotsedwa ku https://policeone.com/police-products/bodycameras/articles/7580663-10-limitations-of-body-cams-you-need-to-know-foryour-protection Abdollah, T. (2014, March 15 ).Akuluakulu akuwopa makamera amthupi amadzutsa nkhawa Zazinsinsi Zochokera ku https://www.policeone.com/police-products/bodycameras/articles/6976369-Maofesi-makamera amantha-thupi-kweza-zachinsinsi-zokhudza Alexander, R. (2014, December 7).Makamera apolisi amadzutsa nkhani yaufulu, akuluakulu amayesa kulinganiza zachinsinsi, ufulu wa anthu kudziwa.Ndemanga ya Mneneri.Zobwezedwa kuchokera ku https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/dec/07/body-camera-use-abuts-privacyissues/ Dees, T. (2014, December 3).Chifukwa chiyani njira ya Obama bodycam sigwira ntchito.Kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku https://policeone.com/police-products/body-cameras/articles/7921687-WhyObamas-bodycam-initiative-wont-work Fusion Investigates, Fossi-Garcia, C., & Lieberman, D. (2014, December18 ).Kufufuza kwa mizinda 5 kumapeza makamera amthupi nthawi zambiri amathandiza apolisi.Zobwezedwa kuchokera ku https://fusion.net/story/31986/investigation-of-5-cities-finds-body-cameras-usuallyhelp-police Lopez, G. (2015, January 13).Chifukwa chiyani apolisi ayenera kuvala makamera amthupi - komanso chifukwa chake sayenera kuvala.Vox.Kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku https://www.vox.com/2014/9/17/6113045/policeworn-body-cameras-explained 12 McFarlin, C. (2015, January 7).Makamera ovala thupi: Ubwino ndi machitidwe abwino apolisi.Kuchokera ku https://inpublicsafety.com/2015/01/body-worn-camerasbenefits-and-best-practices-for-police National Institute of Justice.(2012).Zoyambira pamakamera ovala thupi zimatsata malamulo.Kuchotsedwa ku https://www.ncjrs.gov/app/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=261713 National Institute of Justice.(2014).Makamera ovala thupi chifukwa cha chilungamo: Market Survey.Zabwezedwa kuchokera ku ninic.gov/library/028182 Schlegel, D. (2014, December 15).Zinthu za 3 zomwe ma PD ayenera kudziwa pazakuchita kwa Obama's body cam.Kuchotsedwa kuchokera ku https://www.policeone.com/police-products/bodycameras/articles/7982969-3-things-PDs-should-know-about-Obamas-body-caminitiative White, MD (2014).Makamera apolisi ovala thupi: Kuwunika umboni.Zabwezedwa kuchokera
nkhani yoyambirira onani ulalo womwe uli pansipa:
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mavidiyo ambiri a kamera ya thupi onani ulalo womwe uli pansipa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMO_UP4LZBk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyfjQSH4rzQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKE6KGhMiDU&t=161s