Ibimenyetso bya Polisi Iburira-Uburyo bushya bwo gucunga umutekano w'abayobozi
Ibimenyetso bya Polisi Iburira-Uburyo bushya bwo gucunga umutekano w'abayobozi
Mu myaka yashize haribiganiro byinshi bijyanye no kuzamura umutekano w’ibinyabiziga bya polisi, haba mu gihe ukora cyangwa mu gihe byahagaritswe cyangwa bidakora, ndetse no kugabanya ibyago byo gukomeretsa no kwangirika kw’umutungo.Ihuriro rikunze kwibandwaho muri ibi biganiro, bifatwa na bamwe nk’ahantu ha mbere hashobora kwibasirwa n’imodoka zubahiriza amategeko (kandi, ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’ibinyabiziga byinshi).Amakuru meza nuko hafatwa ingamba zo kugabanya izo ngaruka.Kurwego rwubuyobozi, hari politiki nuburyo bumwe bushobora gushyirwaho.Kurugero, politiki isaba gusa ibinyabiziga byihutirwa biza guhagarara byuzuye kumatara atukura mugihe cyo gusubiza kandi bigakomeza gusa iyo umupolisi amaze kwemeza neza ko ihuriro risobanutse neza rishobora kugabanya impanuka kumihanda.Izindi politiki zishobora gusaba siren yumvikana igihe icyo aricyo cyose ikinyabiziga kigenda n'amatara yo kuburira akora kugirango abimenyeshe izindi modoka gukora inzira.Kuruhande rwa sisitemu yo kuburira, ikoranabuhanga rya LED ririmo gutezwa imbere ku buryo butigeze bubaho, guhera ku ruganda rwa diode rukora ibice bikora neza kandi byoroshye, kugeza ku bakora urumuri rwo kuburira bakora ibishushanyo mbonera kandi byiza.Igisubizo ni imiterere yumucyo, imiterere, nimbaraga inganda zitigeze zibona mbere.Abakora ibinyabiziga bya gipolisi hamwe n’abashinzwe kuzamura ibikoresho nabo bagize uruhare mu bikorwa by’umutekano, bashyira ingamba zo gushyira amatara yo kuburira ahantu hakomeye ku modoka.Mugihe icyumba cyinyongera cyo kunoza kibaho kugirango rwose impungenge zumuhanda zicike burundu, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ikoranabuhanga nuburyo bukoreshwa bitanga uburyo bwo gukora amasangano umutekano muke kubinyabiziga bya polisi nizindi modoka bahura nazo mumuhanda.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Liyetona Joseph Phelps wo ku musozi wa Rocky, muri leta ya Connecticut, ishami rya polisi (RHPD) mu gihe cy’amasaha umunani asimburana, igihe cyakoreshejwe mu gutabara byihutirwa no kunyura mu masangano n'amatara na sirena bikora bishobora kuba ari agace gato k'igihe cyose cyo guhinduka. .Kurugero, agereranya ko bitwara amasegonda agera kuri atanu uhereye igihe umushoferi yinjiye mukarere k’akaga kabi kugeza igihe abereyeho.Muri Rocky Hill, kilometero kare 14 yumujyi wa Hartford, muri leta ya Connecticut, hari amasangano manini atanu mu karere gasanzwe karondo.Ibi bivuze ko umupolisi azaba afite imodoka ye muri zone y’akaga amasegonda agera kuri 25 kumuhamagaro ugereranije - bitarenze niba inzira yo gusubiza idasaba kunyura muri bose.Imodoka y'irondo muri uyu muryango muri rusange yitaba telefoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu zihutirwa (“zishyushye”) kuri buri mwanya.Kugwiza iyi mibare biha RHPD igitekerezo kigereranyo cyigihe buri ofisiye amara anyura mumihanda muri buri mwanya.Muri iki gihe, ni nk'iminota 1, n'amasegonda 15 kuri buri mwanya - mu yandi magambo, mugihe bibiri bya cumi bya kimwe cya kabiri cyigihe cyo guhinduranya imodoka irondo iri muri kariya karere k’akaga.1.
Ingaruka Zimpanuka
Hariho akandi karere k’akaga, ariko, karimo kwitabwaho.Nigihe imodoka ikoresha ihagarara mumodoka n'amatara yo kuburira akora.Akaga n'ingaruka muri kariya gace bigaragara ko bigenda byiyongera, cyane cyane nijoro.Kurugero, Ishusho ya 1 yakuwe mumashusho yerekana amashusho yumuhanda wa Indiana, ku ya 5 Gashyantare 2017. Ifoto yerekana ibyabaye kuri I-65 muri Indianapolis birimo imodoka ya serivisi ku rutugu, ibikoresho byo gutabara umuriro kumurongo wa 3, na imodoka ya gipolisi ihagarika umuhanda 2. Utazi ibyabaye, ibinyabiziga byihutirwa bigaragara ko bibuza imodoka, mugihe umutekano wabereye.Amatara yihutirwa yose arakora, aburira abamotari ibyago - ntihashobora kubaho ubundi buryo bushobora gushyirwaho bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kugongana.Nubwo bimeze bityo, nyuma yamasegonda, imodoka ya polisi yagonzwe numushoferi wangiritse (Ishusho 2).
Igishushanyo 1
Igishushanyo 2
Mugihe impanuka yo ku gishushanyo cya 2 ari ibisubizo byatewe no gutwara nabi, byashoboraga guterwa byoroshye no kurangara gutwara, imiterere ikura muri iki gihe cyibikoresho bigendanwa hamwe nubutumwa bugufi.Usibye izo ngaruka, nubwo, ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere rishobora kugira uruhare mu kwiyongera kw'impanuka zinyuma n’imodoka za polisi nijoro?Mu mateka, imyizerere yabaye iy'uko amatara menshi, urumuri, n'imbaraga byatanze ibimenyetso byiza byo kuburira, byagabanya ibibaho byo kugongana inyuma.
Kugirango usubire ku musozi wa Rocky, muri leta ya Connecticut, impuzandengo yimodoka ihagarara muri uwo muryango imara iminota 16, kandi umupolisi ashobora gukora ahagarara ane cyangwa atanu mugihe cyo guhinduranya.Iyo wongeyeho muminota 37 umukozi wa RHPD asanzwe amara ahabereye impanuka kuri buri mwanya, iki gihe kumuhanda cyangwa mukarere k’akaga k’umuhanda kaza amasaha abiri cyangwa 24 ku ijana byamasaha umunani yose - igihe kinini cyane kuruta abapolisi bamara mumihanda. .2 Iki gihe ntikireba ubwubatsi nibisobanuro bifitanye isano bishobora kuganisha ku gihe kirekire muri kariya gace ka kabiri k’imodoka.Nubwo disikuru yerekeye amasangano, guhagarara mumodoka hamwe nimpanuka zishobora kwerekana ingaruka zikomeye.
Inyigo: Abapolisi ba Leta ya Massachusetts
Mu ci ryo mu mwaka wa 2010, Polisi ya Leta ya Massachusetts (MSP) yagize impanuka umunani zose z’inyuma z’inyuma zirimo imodoka za polisi.Umwe yarapfuye, yica MSP Serija Doug Weddleton.Kubera iyo mpamvu, MSP yatangiye ubushakashatsi kugirango hamenyekane icyaba gitera ubwiyongere bw’impanuka zinyuma n’imodoka zishinzwe irondo zihagarara kuri leta.Itsinda ryashyizwe hamwe na Serija Mark Caron icyo gihe hamwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe amato muri iki gihe, Serija Karl Brenner wari urimo abakozi ba MSP, abasivili, abahagarariye inganda, na ba injeniyeri.Iri tsinda ryakoranye umwete kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka z’amatara yo kuburira abegereye abamotari, ndetse n'ingaruka za kaseti y'inyongera igaragara ku mugongo w'imodoka.Bazirikanye ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekanaga ko abantu bakunda kureba amatara yaka kandi yerekanaga abashoferi bafite ubumuga bakunda gutwara aho bashaka.Usibye kureba ubushakashatsi, bakoze ibizamini bifatika, byabereye ku kibuga cy'indege gifunze muri Massachusetts.Ibintu byasabwe kugenda ku muvuduko munini no kwegera imodoka ya gipolisi yipimishije yakuwe ku ruhande rw 'umuhanda.Kugirango wumve neza ingaruka zibimenyetso byo kuburira, kugerageza birimo amanywa nijoro.Kuri benshi mubashoferi babigizemo uruhare, ubukana bwamatara yo kuburira nijoro byagaragaye ko bikurangaza cyane.Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana neza ubukana bwibibazo byerekana urumuri rumuri rushobora kwerekana kubegera abashoferi.
Amasomo amwe n'amwe yagombaga kureba kure mugihe yegera imodoka, mugihe andi atashoboraga gukura amaso yabo hejuru yubururu, ubururu, umutuku, na amber.Byahise bigaragara ko urumuri rwo kuburira hamwe nigipimo cya flash gikwiye mugihe wasubije mumihanda kumanywa ntabwo ari flash flash nuburemere bukwiye mugihe imodoka ya polisi ihagarikwa kumuhanda nijoro.Sgt ati: "Bakeneye kuba batandukanye, kandi bakihariye uko ibintu bimeze."Brenner.3
Ubuyobozi bw'amato ya MSP bwagerageje uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwa flash kuva kwihuta, kumurika cyane kugeza buhoro, uburyo bukomatanyije muburyo buke.Bageze aho bakuraho flash burundu kandi basuzuma amabara adahoraho yumucyo.Imwe mu mpungenge zingenzi kwari ukutagabanya urumuri kugeza aho rutakigaragara byoroshye cyangwa kongera igihe byatwaye kwegera abamotari kugirango bamenye imodoka.Amaherezo barangije gutura nijoro byerekana flash yari ivanze hagati yumucyo uhoraho hamwe nurumuri rwubururu rwaka.Amasomo y'ibizamini yemeye ko bashoboye gutandukanya ubu buryo bwa flash flash vuba na bwangu kandi buringaniye nubushakashatsi bwihuse, bukora, ariko nta kurangaza amatara yaka yateje nijoro.Ngiyo verisiyo MSP yari ikeneye gushyira mubikorwa kugirango abapolisi bahagarare nijoro.Ariko, ikibazo gikurikiraho cyabaye uburyo bwo kubigeraho udasabye kwinjiza umushoferi.Ibi byari ingenzi cyane kuko ugomba gukanda buto cyangwa gukora enterineti itandukanye ukurikije igihe cyumunsi kandi ibintu biriho bishobora gukuraho umupolisi kumpamvu zingenzi zijyanye no guhangana nimpanuka cyangwa guhagarara.
MSP yafatanije nogutanga urumuri rwihutirwa kugirango batezimbere uburyo butatu bwibanze bwo kuburira bwinjijwe muri sisitemu ya MSP kugirango bakore ibizamini bifatika.Byose-bishya byuburyo bukoresha uburyo bwihuse busimburana ibumoso ugana iburyo bwubururu nubururu bwera muburyo budahuye muburyo bwuzuye.Uburyo bwo gusubiza bwateguwe kugirango bukore igihe icyo aricyo cyose amatara yo kuburira akora kandi ikinyabiziga kiva muri "parike."Intego hano ni ugukora ubukana, ibikorwa, hamwe na flash igenda ishoboka mugihe ikinyabiziga gisaba uburenganzira bwinzira igana mubyabaye.Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukora nuburyo bwa parike kumunsi.Ku manywa, iyo ikinyabiziga cyimuriwe muri parike, mugihe amatara yo kuburira akora, uburyo bwo gusubiza burahita buhinduka kuri flash ya syncronisme yuzuye iturika muburyo bwa / hanze bwerekana flash.Amatara yose yera yaka yahagaritswe, ninyuma yaitaraYerekana guhinduranya amatara yumutuku nubururu.
Guhindura kuva kumurabyo uhinduranya muburyo bwa / hanze ya flash yashizweho kugirango yerekane neza impande zimodoka no gukora "blok" nini yumucyo waka.Uhereye kure, na cyane cyane mugihe cyikirere kibi, in / out flash ishusho ikora akazi keza cyane mugushushanya umwanya wikinyabiziga mumuhanda ugana abamotari, kuruta guhinduranya urumuri.4.
Uburyo bwa gatatu bwo kuburira urumuri rwa MSP nuburyo bwa parike nijoro.Hamwe n'amatara yo kuburira akora kandi ikinyabiziga gishyirwa muri parike mugihe kiri munsi yumucyo uturutse hanze, urumuri rwijoro rwerekanwa.Igipimo cya flash yamatara yo hasi yo kuburira yagabanutse kugera kuri flash 60 kumunota, kandi ubukana bwaragabanutse cyane.Uwitekaitaraimpinduka zihinduka muburyo bushya bwa Hybrid yashizweho, yiswe "Steady-Flash," itanga urumuri ruke rwubururu hamwe na flicker buri masegonda 2 kugeza kuri 3.Inyuma yaitara, ubururu n'umutuku bimurika kuva kumanywa ya parike byahinduwe mubururu na amber flash kumanywa.Sgt agira ati: "Amaherezo dufite uburyo bwo kuburira bujyana imodoka zacu ku rwego rushya rw'umutekano."Brenner.Kuva muri Mata 2018, MSP ifite imodoka zirenga 1.000 kumuhanda zifite sisitemu yo kuburira.Kuri Sgt.Brenner, ingero zo kugongana ninyuma kumodoka za gipolisi ziparitse zaragabanutse cyane.5
Gutezimbere Amatara yo Kuburira Umutekano Wumuyobozi
Kuburira tekinoroji yoroheje ntiyahagaritse gutera imbere sisitemu ya MSP imaze gushyirwaho.Ibimenyetso by'ibinyabiziga (urugero, ibikoresho, ibikorwa bya shoferi, icyerekezo) ubu birakoreshwa mugukemura ibibazo byinshi byumucyo wo kuburira, bigatuma umutekano wabapolisi wiyongera.Kurugero, hari ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibimenyetso byumuryango wumushoferi kugirango uhagarike urumuri rusohoka kuruhande rwumushoferi waitaraurugi rukinguye.Ibi bituma kwinjira no gusohoka mu modoka byoroha kandi bikagabanya ingaruka zubuhumyi bwijoro kubapolisi.Byongeye kandi, mugihe umupolisi agomba kwitwikira inyuma yumuryango ufunguye, kurangaza umupolisi biterwa n’umucyo mwinshi, ndetse n’umucyo utuma ingingo ibona umupolisi ubu itabaho.Urundi rugero ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bya feri yikinyabiziga kugirango uhindure inyumaitaraamatara mugihe cyo gusubiza.Abapolisi bitabiriye igisubizo cya multicar bazi icyo gukurikira imodoka ifite amatara yaka cyane kandi ntibabashe kubona amatara ya feri nkigisubizo.Muri ubu buryo bwo kumurika amatara, iyo pederi ya feri ikanda, bibiri mumatara inyuma yaitarahindura umutuku uhoraho, wuzuza amatara ya feri.Inyuma isigaye ireba amatara yo kuburira irashobora guhindurwa icyarimwe cyangwa guhagarikwa burundu kugirango irusheho kunoza ibimenyetso bya feri yo kureba.
Iterambere, nubwo, ridafite ibibazo byabo.Imwe muri izo mbogamizi nuko amahame yinganda yananiwe kugendana niterambere mu ikoranabuhanga.Mu mucyo wo kuburira no mu kibuga cya siren, hari amashyirahamwe ane y'ingenzi ashyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho: Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka (SAE);ibipimo ngenderwaho by’umutekano w’ibinyabiziga (FMVSS);federasiyo ya federasiyo yinyenyeri yubuzima Ambulance (KKK-A-1822);n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kurinda umuriro (NFPA).Buri kimwe muri ibyo bigo gifite ibyo gisabwa nkuko kijyanye na sisitemu yo kuburira ibinyabiziga byihutirwa.Bose bafite ibyo basabwa byibanze ku kuzuza byibuze urumuri rusohoka rwo gucana amatara yihutirwa, byari urufunguzo mugihe ibipimo byatunganijwe bwa mbere.Byari bigoye cyane kugera kumurongo wo kuburira urumuri hamwe na halogen na strobe flash.Ariko, ubu, urumuri ruto rwa santimetero 5 ruvuye murimwe mubakora urumuri rwo kuburira rushobora gusohora ubukana nkubwikinyabiziga cyose gishobora kuba mumyaka yashize.Iyo 10 cyangwa 20 muri zo zashyizwe ku kinyabiziga cyihutirwa gihagaze nijoro kumuhanda, amatara arashobora rwose kuba atera umutekano muke ugereranije nibintu bisa nibisanzwe bitanga urumuri, nubwo byubahiriza ibipimo byamatara.Ibi ni ukubera ko ibipimo bisaba gusa urwego ruke rwimbaraga.Mu gicamunsi cyizuba ryinshi, amatara yaka cyane birashoboka ko akwiye, ariko nijoro, hamwe nurumuri ruto rudasanzwe, urumuri rumwe nuburemere ntibishobora kuba amahitamo meza cyangwa meza.Kugeza ubu, nta na kimwe mu bisabwa kugira ngo urumuri rumenyeshejwe n’iri shyirahamwe rita ku mucyo w’ibidukikije, ariko igipimo gihinduka gishingiye ku mucyo w’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibindi bihe bishobora kugabanya amaherezo yo kugongana n’inyuma no kurangaza.
Umwanzuro
Twaje inzira ndende mugihe gito gusa, mugihe cyumutekano wibinyabiziga byihutirwa.Nka Sgt.Brenner yerekanye,
Akazi k'abashinzwe irondo n'ababitabye bwa mbere ni akaga gakomeye muri kamere kandi bagomba kwishyira mu kaga buri gihe mu rugendo rwabo.Iri koranabuhanga rituma umupolisi yibanda ku iterabwoba cyangwa uko ibintu byifashe mu matara yihutirwa.Ibi bituma ikoranabuhanga rihinduka igisubizo aho kongerera akaga.6
Kubwamahirwe, inzego nyinshi za polisi nubuyobozi bwamato ntibashobora kumenya ko ubu hariho uburyo bwo gukosora zimwe mungaruka zisigaye.Izindi mbogamizi za sisitemu zo kuburira zirashobora gukosorwa byoroshye hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho - ubu ikinyabiziga ubwacyo gishobora gukoreshwa muguhindura ibimenyetso byerekana kandi byumvikana, ibishoboka ntibigira iherezo.Amashami menshi kandi menshi arimo kwinjiza sisitemu yo kuburira imiterere yimodoka zabo, ihita yerekana igikwiye mubihe byatanzwe.Igisubizo ni ibinyabiziga byihutirwa kandi bifite ingaruka nke zo gukomeretsa, gupfa, no kwangirika kwumutungo.
Igishushanyo 3
Inyandiko:
1 Joseph Phelps (liyetona, Umusozi wa Rocky, CT, Ishami rya Polisi), ikiganiro, ku ya 25 Mutarama 2018.
2 Fhelps, ikiganiro.
3 Karl Brenner (serija, abapolisi ba leta ya Massachusetts), ikiganiro kuri terefone, 30 Mutarama 2018.
4 Eric Maurice (umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha imbere, Whelen Engineering Co), ikiganiro, 31 Mutarama 2018.
5 Brenner, ikiganiro.
6 Karl Brenner, imeri, Mutarama 2018.