Kugenzura Umutekano no Gukuraho Ibisubizo
I. Intangiriro
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho biturika bikoreshwa mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga by'iterabwoba byerekana inzira zitandukanye, ikoranabuhanga n'ubwenge.Ikoranabuhanga ry’imitwe y'iterabwoba rifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa by'iterabwoba bya kirimbuzi, ibinyabuzima na shimi.Imbere y’ibihe bishya, isi yahindutse ivuye mu kurwanya iterabwoba gakondo ikumira ibitero by’iterabwoba byangiza cyane.Muri icyo gihe, tekinoroji yakoreshejwe mu kugenzura umutekano yatejwe imbere mu buryo butigeze bubaho, kandi ibisobanuro by’ibikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano byakoreshejwe bihora byiyongera.
Kwiyongera kw'isoko rikenewe mu nganda zishinzwe kugenzura umutekano byatumye iterambere n'iterambere ry'inganda mu nganda zigenzura umutekano.Igenzura ryumutekano nibicuruzwa bya EOD biragoye mubuhanga, kandi rero, ibigo bishora imari mubuhanga.Ariko igishimishije ni uko mu myaka yashize, igenzura ry’umutekano mu gihugu cyanjye n’ibicuruzwa biturika biturika byahoraga bishya, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byo mu rugo byashowe mu bikorwa by’umutekano rusange no gukumira imibereho.Kugeza ubu, imashini ikoreshwa cyane ya X-ray yo kugenzura umutekano yateye imbere kuva mumikorere yoroshye imwe igera kumikorere myinshi, kuva imashini itandukanye kugeza imashini yuzuye nubundi buryo.Ibigo birimo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya EOD nko guturika kwa laser hamwe n’ibisasu biturika bya laser ukurikije ibikenewe by’umutekano rusange.
2. Ibihe
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’isi mu kurwanya iterabwoba, ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe kugenzura umutekano riragenda ritera imbere rigana ku kunonosorwa no gukosorwa.Igenzura ryumutekano risaba ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu no kugera kubimenyesha byikora hamwe nigipimo gito cyo gutabaza.Ntoya, ntabwo ibangamira ibikorwa bisanzwe byabakoresha, intera ndende, kudahuza, hamwe na molekile-urwego rwo kumenya ni inzira yiterambere ryiterambere.
Kugeza ubu, ibisabwa ku isoko ku rwego rw’umutekano, kumenya neza ukuri, umuvuduko w’ibisubizo hamwe n’ibindi bisabwa mu bikoresho by’ubugenzuzi bw’umutekano bigenda bitera imbere, ibyo bikaba biteza imbere iterambere ry’ubushobozi bw’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’iterambere ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga ry’umusaruro w’inganda zigenzura umutekano. .Byongeye kandi, kuri iki cyiciro, usibye ibikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano, abashinzwe umutekano nabo bakeneye gufatanya nubugenzuzi.Mugihe igenzura ryumutekano rikomeje kwiyongera, imikorere yubugenzuzi bwumutekano muke iragabanuka, kandi iterambere ryubwenge ryibikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano ryabaye icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere ryinganda.Ni muri urwo rwego, urwego rwinjira mu nganda zikoreshwa mu kugenzura umutekano ruzakomeza kuzamurwa.
Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa (tekinoroji) biracyafite imbogamizi zigaragara kandi ntibishobora guhaza ibyo abakoresha bakeneye.Nkumukoresha wibikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano, impungenge cyane ni imikorere numutekano wibikoresho bikoreshwa mugutahura ibicuruzwa biteje akaga.Mu buryo bwumvikana, ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga ni: icya mbere, igipimo cyo gutabaza ibinyoma ni zeru, kandi igipimo cyo gutabaza cyibinyoma kiri murwego rwemewe;icya kabiri, umuvuduko wo kugenzura urashobora kuzuza ibisabwa mubisabwa;icya gatatu, ikintu cyo gutahura nu mukoresha Urwego rwibyangiritse byatewe ningaruka kubidukikije bigomba kugabanywa.
3.Ikamaro cyo kubaka
Umubare munini wibicuruzwa bigenzura umutekano murugo ni: bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura umutekano;kugirango hamenyekane kimwe cyangwa urwego rwibintu, hari ibicuruzwa bike bishobora kugera kubintu byinshi mumashini imwe.Kurugero, mugusuzuma umutekano, ibyuma bifata intoki, amarembo yumutekano wicyuma, imashini zigenzura umutekano (imashini za X-ray), ibisasu biturika hamwe n’ibiyobyabwenge, hamwe n’ishakisha ry’intoki bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura umutekano ku bakozi n'imizigo, bikunze kuba ikoreshwa ku bibuga by'indege, Subway, inzu ndangamurage, ambasade, sitasiyo za gasutamo, ibyambu, ibyiza nyaburanga bikurura ba mukerarugendo, siporo n’imikino ndangamuco, ibigo by’inama, imurikagurisha, ibikorwa binini, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, impapuro z’iposita, ibikoresho no gutanga amakuru, ingabo zirinda imipaka, imbaraga zamafaranga, amahoteri, amashuri, amategeko yumutekano rusange, inganda Ibigo, nizindi nzego zingenzi zahantu hahurira abantu benshi.
Ubwo buryo bwo kugenzura umutekano bufite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha ibidukikije, kandi biragoye gukoresha uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose kugirango uhuze ibisabwa nakazi k’umutekano.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe guhuza ubwoko bubiri cyangwa bwinshi bwibikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano kugirango tunoze urwego rwo gutahura..Ahantu hatandukanye nibikenewe, abakoresha batandukanye barashobora guhuza muburyo buvuzwe haruguru ukurikije ibyo bakeneye hamwe nurwego rwumutekano.Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho byahujwe nibisubizo byuzuye bizaba inzira yiterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo kugenzura umutekano mugihe kizaza.
4.Ibisubizo byubaka
1. Ibisubizo
Igenzura ry’umutekano na EOD rikoreshwa cyane ku bibuga by’indege, gari ya moshi, ku byambu, ibikorwa binini n’ahantu h’ingenzi hateganijwe, n'ibindi. Igamije gukumira ibisasu n’ibyaha by’urugomo, kandi igashyira mu bikorwa ubugenzuzi bw’umutekano ku bantu, gutwara ibintu, ibinyabiziga n’aho bakorera .Igaragaza cyane cyane iterabwoba ry’ibisasu, imbunda n’intwaro, ibicanwa byaka, ibintu biturika by’imiti iturika, ibikoresho bya radiyoyoka, ibinyabuzima byangiza ndetse n’iterabwoba ry’uburozi bitwawe cyangwa biriho mu bantu, ibintu, ibinyabiziga, ahantu, kandi bikuraho ibyo bishobora guteza iterabwoba.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yumutekano
Urugero: Ku kibuga cyindege, turashobora guhuza ibikoresho byose byavuzwe haruguru byumutekano hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora igenzura ryumutekano kubagenzi kugirango umutekano wumuntu numutungo wabandi bagenzi babibuga byindege.
1）.Ku bwinjiriro bw’ikibuga cy’indege, dushobora gushyiraho igenzura rya mbere ry’umutekano, kandi tugakoresha ibisasu hamwe n’ibisasu kugira ngo dukore igenzura ryibanze ku bagenzi bose binjira ku kibuga cy’indege kugira ngo turebe niba abagenzi bitwaje cyangwa bahuye n’ibisasu n’ibiyobyabwenge.
2）.Imashini isuzuma umutekano yashyizweho ku irembo ry’itike kugira ngo isuzume ipaki cyangwa imizigo itwarwa n’abagenzi kugira ngo irebe niba abagenzi bitwaje akaga cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitemewe mu mizigo.
3）.Mugihe kimwe nogusuzumisha imizigo, amarembo yumutekano yicyuma ashyirwa kumihanda yabakozi kugirango barebe imirambo yabagenzi kugirango barebe niba batwaye ibicuruzwa byangiza.
4）.Mugihe cyo kugenzura imashini igenzura umutekano cyangwa umuryango wogushakisha ibyuma, mugihe habonetse impuruza cyangwa ibintu biteye inkeke, abakozi b'ikibuga cy'indege bazafatanya nogukoresha ibyuma bifata intoki kugirango bakore ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubagenzi cyangwa imizigo yabo, kugirango babigereho intego yo kugenzura umutekano.
2.Gusaba
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda umutekano w’abaturage kurwanya iterabwoba, ibibuga by’indege, inkiko, ubushinjacyaha, gereza, sitasiyo, ingoro ndangamurage, siporo ngororamubiri, amakoraniro n’imurikagurisha, ahakorerwa ibitaramo, ahabereye imyidagaduro n’ahandi bisaba ubugenzuzi bw’umutekano.Mugihe kimwe, irashobora kuba ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye ukurikije ahantu hatandukanye nimbaraga zo kugenzura umutekano, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye.
3. Inyungu zo gukemura
1）. Icyuma gishobora gutwara ibintu
Ibicuruzwa byabanje: imikorere imwe, menya gusa ibyuma cyangwa ibintu byangiza.Gutwara igihe kandi bisaba akazi, ibikoresho byinshi birasabwa kugirango bisimburwe mugihe cyo gutahura, bifata igihe kirekire kandi bigoye gukora.
Igicuruzwa gishya: Ifata uburyo butatu-bumwe bwo gutahura, buzana ubworoherane kubakoresha.Irashobora gutahura icupa ridafite ibyuma, icupa ryicyuma cyamazi nicyuma cyo gutahura ibyuma, kandi bigomba gusa guhinduka hagati yabyo na buto imwe.Irashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye hagenzurwa umutekano.
2）. Irembo ry'umutekano
Ibicuruzwa byabanje: Imikorere imwe, irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugushakisha ibintu byuma bitwarwa numubiri wumuntu
Ibicuruzwa bishya: gusoma indangamuntu gusoma, kugereranya abatangabuhamya no kugenzura, kugenzura byihuse umutekano w’umubiri w’umuntu, gufata amashusho mu buryo bwikora, gutahura telefoni igendanwa MCK, gukusanya amakuru y’ibanze, isesengura ry’imibare y’abantu batembera, kugenzura abakozi bakomeye, kumenyekanisha umutekano w’abaturage no guhunga , kurebera kure no gutegeka, Imiyoborere myinshi-imiyoboro yo gucunga imiyoboro, ibyemezo byo kuburira hakiri kare hamwe nuruhererekane rwibikorwa byahujwe murimwe.Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kwagurwa: Irashobora kwagura indangururamajwi ya radiyoyoka, ibimenyetso byerekana ubushyuhe bwumubiri, hamwe nibimenyetso biranga umubiri byerekana abakozi bagenzuwe.Irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma umutekano mubibuga byindege bitandukanye, metero, gariyamoshi, ibirori byingenzi, inama zingenzi nahandi.
3）. Sisitemu yubugenzuzi bwihuse bwo kugenzura umutekano
Ukoresheje micro-dose ya X-ray fluoroscopic scanning yerekana amashusho hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya loop, irashobora kumenya icyarimwe umutekano wumutekano wabanyamaguru nudukapu duto hashingiwe ku kwihuta, gukora neza kandi umutekano, utabanje gushakisha intoki, kandi ukamenya neza imbere na hanze yumubiri wumuntu n'imizigo yatwawe.Kwinjiza ibintu hamwe nibintu byihishe, birimo ibyuma, imbunda n'amasasu, ibyuma bya ceramique, amazi yangiza, disiki U, ibyuma bifata amajwi, udukoko, ibisasu biturika, ibinini, capsules nibindi byuma kandi bitemewe.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibintu bishobora kugeragezwa, kandi gutahura biruzuye.
Ibikoresho birashobora kandi kuba bifite ibikoresho byubwenge nko kumenyekanisha isura hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma bwubwenge, sisitemu yimibare yabakozi nibindi bikoresho byubwenge ukurikije abakoresha bakeneye kumenya igenzura ryumutekano ryubwenge ahantu hanini h’amakuru.
