Bulletproof Vest Yekuvandudza Nzira
Semudziyo wakakosha wekuzvidzivirira wega, Bulletproof vest yakasangana neshanduko kubva kunhovo dzesimbi dzesimbi kuenda kune dzisiri dzesimbi macomposites, uye kubva zviri nyore zvekugadzira zvinhu kuenda kune zvekugadzira zvinhu uye simbi nhumbi dzesimbi, mapaneru eceramic uye imwe yakaoma system yekuvandudza maitiro.Iyo prototype yezvombo zvemunhu inogona kuteverwa kumashure ekare, nyika yekutanga kudzivirira muviri wakakuvadzwa, yaive neyakasikwa fiber braid sechifuva chekuchengeta zvinhu.Kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvinomanikidza nhumbi dzevanhu kunofanirwa kuve nekufambira mberi kunowirirana.Kare mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, sirika yaishandiswa muzvombo zvemuMiddle Ages muJapan yaishandiswawo muBulletproof vest yakagadzirwa neAmerica.
Muna 1901, pashure pokunge Mutungamiri William McKenley apondwa, Bulletproof vest yakaita kuti Congress yeUnited States iteerere.Kunyangwe iyi Bulletproof vest inogona kudzivirira yakaderera-speed pistol mabara (kumhanya kwe122 m / s), asi haikwanise kudzivirira pfuti mabara.Nokudaro, muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, kwave kune jira refiber rakasikwa remucheka wembatya, pamwe chete nesimbi yakagadzirwa nenhumbi dzokurwa dzemuviri.Zvipfeko zvesirika zvakakora zvaimbove chikamu chikuru chezvombo zvemuviri.Zvisinei, sirika mumigero metamorphic nokukurumidza, kuremara ichi ane shoma bulletproof kukwanisa uye yakakwirira mutengo sirika, zvokuti nguva yokutanga muHondo Yenyika I akatambura neU.S. Ordnance Dhipatimendi kutonhora, kwete pasi rose.
MuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kuurayiwa kweshrapnel kwakawedzera ne80%, nepo 70% yevakakuvadzwa vakafa nekuda kwekukuvara kwehunde.Nyika dzaitora rutivi, zvikurukuru Britain neUnited States dzakavamba kushanda nesimba kugadzira nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo dzomuviri.Muna 1942 Gumiguru, maBritish akatanga kugadzirwa neatatu akakwirira manganese simbi ndiro inoumbwa nebulletproof vest.Muna 1943, kuedzwa kweUnited States uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro ezvombo zvemuviri kune dzakawanda se23 marudzi.Iyi nguva yezvombo zvemuviri kune yakakosha simbi seyakakura bulletproof zvinhu.Muna Chikumi 1945, mauto eUS akabudirira kugadzira aruminiyamu alloy uye yakakwirira-simba naironi musanganiswa webulletproof vest, modhi M12 yevacheche Bulletproof vest.Iyo naironi 66 (zita resainzi polyamide 66 faibha) yaive faibha yekugadzira iyo yakawanikwa panguva iyoyo, uye kutyora kwayo simba (gf / d: giramu / denier) yaive 5.9 kusvika 9.5, uye yekutanga modulus (gf / d) yaive 21 kusvika ku58 , Iyo chaiyo giravhiti ye1.14 g / (cm) 3, simba rayo rinenge rakapetwa kaviri fiber yekotoni.MuHondo yeKorea, Mauto eUS aive akashongedzerwa T52 yakazara Nylon body armor yakagadzirwa ne12-layer bulletproof naironi, nepo Marine Corps yaive neM1951 yakaoma "multi-refu" FRP bulletproof vest ine huremu hwe2.7 kusvika 3.6 kg pakati.Nylon seyakagadzirwa yezvombo zvemuviri inogona kupa imwe dhigirii redziviriro kuvarwi, asi yakakura, huremu zvakare hunosvika 6 kg.
Mukutanga kwema1970, yakakwirira-yakasimba, yakanyanya-yakakwirira modulus, yakakwirira tembiricha synthetic fiber - Kevlar (Kevlar) neUnited States DuPont (DuPont) yakagadzirwa, uye munguva pfupi irimo mumunda webulletproof wakaiswa.Kubuda kweiyi yakakwirira-inoshanda fiber inoita kuti jira rakapfava-bullet-proof mashandiro ezvipfeko zvivandudzwe, asiwo kusvika pamwero mukuru wekuvandudza kuchinjika kweBulletproof vest.Mauto eUS akatungamira mukushandiswa kweKevlar kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvemuviri, uye akagadzira huremu hwemhando mbiri idzi.Nhumbi itsva yezvombo zveKevlar fiber jira sechinhu chikuru kune bulletproof naironi jira rehamvuropu.Chipfeko chimwe chete chakareruka chemuviri chine zvidimbu zvitanhatu zvemucheka weKevlar, uremu hwepakati hwe3.83 kg.Nekutengesa kweKevlar, kuita kwaKevlar kwakanakisa kwaita kuti iwanikwe zvakanyanya mune zvehondo.Kubudirira kwaKevlar uye kubuda kwakazotevera kweTwaron, Spectra uye kushandiswa kwayo muzvombo zvemuviri zvakakonzera kuwedzera kuwanda kwesoftware bullet-proof vests inoratidzirwa nepamusoro-inoshanda machira machira, ayo chiyero haangogumiri kuMasoja chikamu, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera. kumapurisa nevezvematongerwo enyika.
Zvakadaro, kumabara anomhanya zvikuru, kunyanya pfuti dzinopfura mabara, nhumbi dzakapfava dzemuviri hadzina kugona.Kuti izvi zviitike, vanhu vakagadzira nhumbi dzakapfava uye dzakaomarara dzakaumbwa nemuviri, fiber composite zvinhu sepaneru yakasimbiswa kana bhodhi, kuitira kuvandudza kugona kwese kwezvombo zvekudzivirira bulletproof.Muchidimbu, kuvandudzwa kwezvombo zvemazuva ano zvemuviri kwakabuda zvizvarwa zvitatu: chizvarwa chekutanga che hardware bullet-proof vests, kunyanya nesimbi yakakosha, aluminium uye imwe simbi yezvinhu zvinodzivirira bullet.Mhando iyi yezvombo zvemuviri inoratidzirwa ne: zvipfeko zvinorema, kazhinji anenge makirogiramu makumi maviri, kupfeka kusagadzikana, zvirambidzo zvakakura pamabasa evanhu, nehumwe dhigirii rekuita kwebulletproof, asi zviri nyore kugadzira zvimedu zvechipiri.
Chizvarwa chechipiri chezvombo zvemuviri zve software yezvombo zvemuviri, kazhinji neakawanda-layer Kevlar uye imwe yepamusoro-inoshanda machira akagadzirwa nefiber.Huremu hwayo huremu, kazhinji ingori 2 kusvika ku3 kg, uye magadzirirwo acho akanyanya kupfava, kukodzera kwakanaka, kupfeka kunowedzera kugadzikana, kupfeka chakavanzika chiri nani, kunyanya kumapurisa nevashandi vekuchengetedza kana nhengo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzemazuva ese.Mukukwanisa kwebullet-proof, mukuru anogona kudzivirira 5 metres kure nepistol kupfura mabara, haizobudise yechipiri shrapnel, asi bara rakarova deformation yakakura, inogona kukonzera kumwe kukuvara kusingapinze.Zvakare kune pfuti kana pfuti dzemuchina dzakapfura mabara, ukobvu hwese hwezvipfeko zvemuviri zvakapfava zvakaoma kuramba.Chizvarwa chechitatu chezvombo zvemuviri nhumbi dzezvombo dzakaumbwa.Kazhinji ine light ceramic seyekunze layer, Kevlar uye imwe yakakwirira-inoshanda faibha jira seyemukati layer, ndiyo huru yekusimudzira kutungamira kwezvombo zvemuviri.