Zviratidzo zveNyevero yeMotokari yeMapurisa—Nzira Itsva Kumupurisa Kuchengetedzwa
Mapurisa Nyevero dzeMotokari-Nzira Itsva yeKuchengetedza Mupurisa
Pakave nekukurukurirana kwakawanda mumakore achangopfuura nezve kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwemotokari dzemapurisa, nguva dzese dzichishanda uye dzichimira kana kusashanda, uye kudzikisira njodzi yekukuvara kwakabatana uye kukuvara kwemidziyo.Mharadzano dzinowanzo tariswa nenhaurirano idzi, dzinoonekwa nevamwe senzvimbo dzengozi dzemotokari dzezvemitemo (uye, zvechokwadi, nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzemotokari zhinji).Chinofadza ndechekuti matanho ari kutorwa kuderedza njodzi idzi.Padanho rekutonga, pane mamwe marongero uye maitiro anogona kuiswa.Semuenzaniso, mutemo unongoda mota dzechimbichimbi dzinomira zvakakwana pamwenje dzvuku ichipindura uye ichingoenderera kana mukuru ane chisimbiso chekuona kuti mharadzano iri pachena inogona kuderedza kubondera pamharadzano.Mamwe marongero angangoda siren inonzwika chero nguva mota iri kufamba ine yambiro mwenje ino shanda kunyevera dzimwe mota kuti dzigadzire nzira.Padivi rekugadzira yambiro, tekinoroji yeLED iri kuvandudzwa nekukurumidza kusati kwamboitika, kubva kudhiodhi inogadzira ichigadzira zvikamu zvinoshanda uye zvinopenya, kune vagadziri vemwenje yekunyevera vanogadzira yepamusoro yekuratidzira uye optic dhizaini.Mhedzisiro ndeyechiedza danda maumbirwo, mapatani, uye kusimba iyo indasitiri isati yamboona.Vagadziri vemotokari dzemapurisa uye maupfitters vanobatanidzwawo mukuedza kuchengetedza, zvine hungwaru vachiisa mwenje yekuyambira munzvimbo dzakakomba pamotokari.Nepo imwe nzvimbo yekuvandudza iripo yekunyatsoita kuti nyaya dzemharadzano dzinyangarike zvachose, zvakakosha kuziva kuti tekinoroji yazvino nemaitirwo zvinopa nzira dzekuita kuti mharadzano dzive dzakachengeteka kune mota dzemapurisa nedzimwe mota dzavanosangana nadzo munzira.
Sekureva kwaLieutenant Joseph Phelps weRocky Hill, Connecticut, Dhipatimendi reMapurisa (RHPD) panguva yekuchinja kwemaawa masere, nguva inopedzerwa kupindura kune emergency uye kupfuura pamharadzano nemwenje uye masairini anoshanda angangove chidimbu chenguva yese yekuchinja. .Somuenzaniso, anofungidzira kuti zvinotora anenge masekonzi mashanu kubva panguva apo mutyairi anopinda munzvimbo ine ngozi yemharadzano kusvika panguva yaanenge ari.MuRocky Hill, 14-square mamaira suburb yeHartford, Connecticut, kune angangoita mashanu akakura mamharadzano mukati meyakajairika patrol dunhu.Izvi zvinoreva kuti mupurisa achange aine mota yake munzvimbo ine njodzi kwesekunge masekondi makumi maviri nemashanu paavhareji yekufona - zvishoma kana nzira yekupindura isingade kuyambuka yese.Mota inorinda munharaunda ino kazhinji inopindura nhare mbiri kana nhatu dzechimbichimbi (“dzinopisa”) pashifiti.Kuwanza manhamba aya kunopa RHPD fungidziro yekuti inguva yakawanda sei iyo mukuru wega wega anopedza achipfuura nemumharadzano panguva yekuchinja kwega kwega.Panyaya iyi, ingangoita miniti imwe, uye masekonzi gumi nemashanu pashift—nemamwe mashoko, panguva yezvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvechikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana chemotokari inorinda iri munzvimbo iyi ine ngozi.1
Njodzi Dzetsaona
Pane imwe nzvimbo ine ngozi, zvisinei, iri kuwana ngwariro.Inguva iyo motokari inopedza yakamira mutraffic nemwenje wayo wekunyevera uchishanda.Njodzi nenjodzi munzvimbo iyi dzinoita kunge dziri kukura, kunyanya husiku.Semuenzaniso, Mufananidzo 1 inotorwa kubva kumugwagwa mukuru kamera yemavhidhiyo kubva kuIndiana, musi waFebruary 5, 2017. Mufananidzo unoratidza chiitiko paI-65 muIndianapolis iyo inosanganisira motokari yebasa pamapfudzi, midziyo yekununura moto mumugwagwa 3, uye. motokari yemapurisa inovhara nzira 2. Pasina kuziva kuti chii chakaitika, motokari dzechimbichimbi dzinoita sedzinovhara motokari, dzichichengetedza nzvimbo yechiitiko.Mwenje dzechimbichimbi dziri kushanda, yambiro ichiuya kune vatyairi nezvenjodzi - panogona kunge pasina imwe nzira inogona kuiswa inogona kuderedza njodzi yekudhumhana.Kunyange zvakadaro, masekondi gare gare, motokari yemapurisa inorohwa nemutyairi akaremara (Mufananidzo 2).
Mufananidzo 1
Mufananidzo 2
Nepo tsaona iri muFigure 2 iri mugumisiro wekutadza kutyaira, zvingave zvakakonzerwa nyore nyore nekutyaira kwakakanganiswa, mamiriro ari kukura muzera rino remafoni uye mameseji.Pamusoro penjodzi idzodzo, zvakadaro, tekinoroji yemwenje yekuyambiro iri kufambira mberi ingave iri kukonzera kuwedzera kwekudhumhana nemotokari dzemapurisa husiku?Kare, chitendero chave chekuti mamwe marambi, kupenya, uye kusimba kwakagadzira iri nani yekuona chiratidzo chenyevero, izvo zvinoderedza kuitika kwekurovera kwemashure.
Kudzokera kuRocky Hill, Connecticut, avhareji yekumira kwetraffic munharaunda iyoyo inotora maminetsi gumi nematanhatu, uye mukuru anogona kumisa mana kana mashanu panguva yeavhareji yekuchinja.Kana yawedzerwa kumaminetsi makumi matatu nemanomwe ayo mukuru weRHPD anowanzo kupedzera pazviitiko zvetsaona pakuchinja, panguva ino mumugwagwa kana munzvimbo ine ngozi yemugwagwa inosvika maawa maviri kana 24 muzana yemaawa masere ose—nguva yakawanda zvikuru kupfuura inopedzwa nemapurisa pamharadzano. .2 Iyi nguva haifungi nezvekuvaka nezvimwe zvine chekuita nazvo zvinogona kutungamira kune yakato rebesa nguva munzvimbo ino yengozi yemotokari yechipiri.Zvisinei nehurukuro pamusoro pemharadzano, kumira kwemotokari uye nzvimbo dzetsaona zvinogona kupa njodzi huru.
Nyaya Yokudzidza: Massachusetts State Mapurisa
Muzhizha ra2010, Mapurisa eMassachusetts State (MSP) aive neanosvika masere akakomba ekurovera kumashure anosanganisira mota dzemapurisa.Imwe yakauraya, kuuraya MSP Sajeni Doug Weddleton.Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo MSP yakatanga ongororo yekuona kuti chii chingave chiri kukonzera kuwedzera kwenhamba yekudhumhana kwemashure nemotokari dzepatrol dzakamira pakati penyika.Chikwata chakaiswa pamwechete naaive panguva iyoyo-Sergeant Mark Caron uye maneja wezvikepe, Sajeni Karl Brenner aisanganisira vashandi veMSP, vagari, vamiriri vevagadziri, uye mainjiniya.Boka racho rakashanda nesimba kuti rione mhedzisiro yemarambi eyambiro pavatyairi vanenge vachisvika, pamwe nemigumisiro yeimwe tepi inooneka yakanamirwa kumashure kwemotokari.Vakatarisa zvidzidzo zvekare zvairatidza kuti vanhu vanowanzotarisa mwenje unopenya uye zvairatidza kuti vatyairi vakaremara vanotyaira pavanenge vakatarisa.Pamusoro pekutarisa kutsvagisa, ivo vakaita kuyedza kunoshanda, kwakaitika panhandare yendege yakavharwa muMassachusetts.Zvidzidzo zvakakumbirwa kufamba nekumhanya kwemumugwagwa mukuru uye kuenda kumotokari yemapurisa yebvunzo iyo yakadhonzwa parutivi pe“mugwagwa.”Kuti unzwisise zvizere mabatiro ezviratidzo zveyambiro, kuyedza kwaisanganisira masikati nehusiku mamiriro.Kuvatyairi vazhinji vaibatanidzwa, kusimba kwemarambi eyambiro usiku kwairatidzika kuva kunotsausa zvikuru.Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza zvakajeka kusimba kwezvipingamupinyi zvinopenya zvinovhenekera zviedza zvinogona kupa kune vatyairi vari kusvika.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvaifanira kutarira kure vachiswedera kumotokari, nepo vamwe vaisagona kubvisa maziso avo pachiedza chaipenya chebhuruu, tsvuku, uye amber.Yakakurumidza kuona kuti nyevero yechiedza chechiedza uye flash rate iyo yakakodzera pakupindura kuburikidza nemharadzano mukati mezuva haisi iyo yakafanana flash rate uye kusimba kwakakodzera apo motokari yemapurisa inomira mumugwagwa mukuru usiku."Vaifanira kuve vakasiyana, uye nemamiriro ezvinhu," akadaro Sgt.Brenner.3
Iyo MSP yezvikepe manejimendi yakaedza akawanda akasiyana mwenje mapatani kubva nekukurumidza, kupenya kupenya kusvika kune zvishoma, mamwe akawiriraniswa mapatani pakudzika kwakadzika.Vakatosvika pakubvisa chinhu chinopenya zvachose uye kuongorora mavara akatsiga asiri kupenya echiedza.Imwe nyaya yakakosha yaive yekusadzikisa mwenje kusvika padanho rekuti ranga risisaonekwe kana kuwedzera nguva yaitora kusvika kune vatyairi kuti vaone mota yenyaya.Vakazogadzirisa patani yehusiku yekupenya yaive musanganiswa pakati pekupenya kwakadzikama uye nemwenje unopenya wakabatana webhuruu.Vadzidzi vakaedzwa vakabvumirana kuti vakakwanisa kusiyanisa iyi hybrid flash pattern nekukasira uye kubva padaro rakafanana nekumhanya, rinoshanda rakajeka patani, asi pasina zvinokanganisa izvo zviedza zvinopenya zvakakonzeresa husiku.Iyi ndiyo vhezheni yaida kuitwa neMSP pakumira kwemotokari dzemapurisa husiku.Zvisinei, dambudziko rinotevera rakazova nzira yekuzadzisa izvi pasina kuda kupinza kwemutyairi.Izvi zvaive zvakakosha nekuti kubaya bhatani rakasiyana kana kumisa switch yakaparadzana zvichienderana nenguva yezuva uye mamiriro aripo aigona kubvisa kutarisa kwemukuru pane zvakakosha zvemhinduro yetsaona kana kumira kwetraffic.
MSP yakabatana neanopa mwenje wechimbichimbi kugadzira matatu ekutanga ekushandisa yambiro yemwenje modhi akaiswa muMSP system kuti awedzere kuyedzwa kunoshanda.Iyo-yese-nyowani yekupindura modhi inoshandisa kukurumidza kuchinjanisa kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi mapatani ebhuruu nechena kupenya nenzira isina kuwiriraniswa pakusimba kuzere.Iyo nzira yekupindura yakarongerwa kuti ivhure chero nguva magetsi ekunyevera achishanda uye mota yabuda mu "park."Chinangwa pano ndechekugadzira kusimba kwakawanda, chiitiko, uye flash kufamba sezvinobvira nepo mota ichidaidza kodzero yenzira munzira yekuenda kune chiitiko.Yechipiri yekushanda maitiro ndeyemasikati park mode.Masikati, kana mota ichichinjirwa mupaki, uku mwenje yekunyevera ichiri kushanda, maitiro ekupindura anobva achinja kuti anyatso putika kuputika kwemukati / kunze kwemhando yekupenya.Mwenje dzese chena dzinopenya dzakadzimwa, uye kumashure kwelightbarinoratidza kupenya kunochinjana kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu.
Shanduko kubva kune inochinjika mwenje kuenda kune yemukati / kunze mhando flash inogadzirwa kuti inyatso kujekesa mipendero yemotokari uye kugadzira yakakura "block" yechiedza chinopenya.Kubva kure, uye kunyanya panguva yemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, in/out flash pattern inoita basa riri nani pakuratidza nzvimbo yemotokari munzira kuenda kune vatyairi vanosvika, pane kuita mapeteni emwenje anochinjana.4
Yechitatu yambiro yechiedza chekushanda modhi yeMSP inguva yepaki yehusiku.Nemarambi eyambiro achishanda uye mota ichiiswa mupaki ichiri pasi pekunze kwechiedza chekunze, iyo yehusiku flash pateni inoratidzwa.Mwero wekuvheneka kwemwenje yese yepasi perimita yambiro inoderedzwa kusvika ku60 kupenya paminiti, uye kusimba kwavo kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya.Thelightbarshanduko dzinopenya patani ichangobva kugadzirwa yehybrid, inodaidzwa kuti "Steady-Flash," ichiburitsa kupenya kwakadzika kwebhuruu nekupenya kwese kwese kwese kwe2 kusvika ku3.Kuseri kwelightbar, kupenya kwebhuruu uye tsvuku kubva mumasikati park mode inochinjwa kuva yebhuruu uye amber inopenya yeusiku."Isu pakupedzisira tine yambiro yehurongwa nzira inotora mota dzedu kune imwe nhanho yekuchengetedza," anodaro Sgt.Brenner.Kubva muna Kubvumbi 2018, MSP ine mota dzinopfuura chiuru mumugwagwa dzakashongedzerwa nemamiriro ekunze anonyevera masisitimu.Maererano naSgt.Brenner, zviitiko zvekudhumhana kwemashure kumotokari dzemapurisa dzakamiswa zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.5
Kufambisa Nyevero Mwenje kune Officer Kuchengeteka
Yambiro yemwenje tekinoroji haina kumira kufambira mberi kana system yeMSP yaiswa.Zvikwangwani zvemotokari (semuenzaniso, giya, zviito zvemutyairi, kufamba) zvave kushandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko akati wandei ekunyevera, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekuchengetedza kwevakuru.Semuenzaniso, pane kugona kushandisa chiratidzo chemusuwo wemutyairi kudzima mwenje unoburitswa kubva kudivi remutyairilightbarkana gonhi richizaruka.Izvi zvinoita kuti kupinda nekubuda mumotokari kuve kugadzikana uye kunoderedza mhedzisiro yehusiku hupofu kune mukuru.Mukuwedzera, kana muitiko mukuru achifanira kutora chivharo kuseri kwegonhi rakazaruka, kukanganisa kwemukuru kunokonzerwa nemwenje wakasimba, pamwe nekupenya kunobvumira nyaya kuona mukuru iye zvino haipo.Mumwe muenzaniso kushandisa brake chiratidzo chemotokari kugadzirisa kumashurelightbarmwenje panguva yekupindura.Mapurisa atora chikamu mukupindura kwemotokari dzakawanda anoziva zvazvinoita kutevera mota ine marambi akanyanya kupenya uye kusakwanisa kuona mabhureki mwenje semhedzisiro.Mune iyi yambiro yemwenje modhi, kana brake pedal ichidzvanywa, maviri emwenje kumashure kwelightbarchinja kuita tsvuku yakatsiga, ichiwedzera mabhureki mwenje.Iwo asara ekumashure akatarisana nemwenje yambiro anogona kudzima panguva imwe chete kana kudzimwa zvachose kuti awedzere kusimudzira chiratidzo chebraking.
Kufambira mberi, kunyanguvezvo, hakusati kusina zvinetso zvakwo.Rimwe rematambudziko nderekuti zviyero zveindasitiri zvatadza kufambirana nekufambira mberi mune tekinoroji.Muchiedza chenyevero uye siren arena, pane masangano mana makuru anogadzira zviyero zvekushanda: Sosaiti yeMotokari Engineers (SAE);iyo Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS);iyo Federal Specification yeNyeredzi yeHupenyu Ambulance (KKK-A-1822);uye National Fire Protection Administration (NFPA).Chimwe nechimwe chezvikwata izvi chine zvachinoda sezvo zvine chekuita nemasisitimu eyambiro pakupindura mota dzechimbichimbi.Zvese zvine zvinodikanwa zvakanangana nekusangana nekashoma mwenje kubuda mwero wekupenya kwemwenje wekukurumidza, izvo zvaive zvakakosha pakatanga kugadzirwa zviyero.Zvakanga zvakanyanya kuoma kusvika kune inoshanda yambiro mwenje kusimba mazinga ane halogen uye strobe flash masosi.Nekudaro, ikozvino, diki 5-inch mwenje gadziriso kubva kune chero yeyambiro vagadziri vemwenje inogona kuburitsa kusimba kwakafanana sezvaingoita mota yese makore apfuura.Kana gumi kana makumi maviri aiswa pamotokari yechimbichimbi yakamira usiku munzira yemugwagwa, marambi anogona kunge ari kugadzira mamiriro asina kuchengetedzeka zvakanyanya pane akafanana nemamiriro emwenje ekare, kunyangwe achienderana nemwenje miyero.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zviyero zvinoda chete nhanho yekusimba.Munguva yemasikati ekupenya kwezuva, zviedza zvinopenya zvinopenya zvingangove zvakakodzera, asi usiku, nemwenje wakadzikira wakadzika, chiedza chimwechete uye kusimba zvinogona kunge zvisiri izvo zvakanakisa kana zvakachengeteka sarudzo.Parizvino, hapana cheyambiro yekusimba kwechiedza chinodiwa kubva kumasangano aya chinotarisisa chiedza chemukati, asi chiyero chinoshanduka zvichienderana nechiedza chemukati uye mamwe mamiriro anogona kupedzisira adzikisa uku kudhumhana-kumashure nekuvhiringidza mubhodhi.
Mhedziso
Tauya kure munguva pfupi, kana zvasvika pakuchengetedzeka kwemotokari yechimbichimbi.Sezvo Sgt.Brenner anoti,
Basa revatariri vepatrol uye vekutanga vanopindura rine njodzi pachisikigo uye vanofanirwa kuzviisa munjodzi nguva nenguva panguva yekushanya kwavo.Iyi tekinoroji inobvumira kuti mukuru atarise pfungwa dzake pakutyisidzira kana mamiriro ezvinhu ane kushoma kwekuisa kune mwenje wekukurumidza.Izvi zvinoita kuti tekinoroji ive chikamu chemhinduro pane kuwedzera kune njodzi.6
Nehurombo, mapurisa mazhinji nevatungamiriri vezvikepe vangasaziva kuti pane nzira dziripo dzekugadzirisa dzimwe njodzi dzasara.Mamwe matambudziko ehurongwa hweyambiro anogona kunge achiri kugadziridzwa zviri nyore nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano-ikozvino sezvo mota pachayo inogona kushandiswa kushandura zvinoonekwa uye zvinonzwika yambiro maitiro, mikana yacho haiperi.Madhipatimendi mazhinji ari kubatanidza masisitimu ekunyevera anochinja mumotokari dzawo, achiratidza otomatiki izvo zvakafanira mamiriro akapihwa.Mhedzisiro yacho imotokari dzechimbichimbi dzakachengeteka uye njodzi dzakaderera dzekukuvara, kufa, uye kukuvara kwemidziyo.
Mufananidzo 3
Notes:
1 Joseph Phelps (lieutenant, Rocky Hill, CT, Dhipatimendi reMapurisa), kubvunzurudza, Ndira 25, 2018.
2 Phelps, bvunzurudzo.
3 Karl Brenner (sajeni, Massachusetts State Police), kubvunzurudza parunhare, Ndira 30, 2018.
4 Eric Maurice (mukati memaneja wekutengesa, Whelen Engineering Co.), kubvunzurudza, Ndira 31, 2018.
5 Brenner, bvunzurudzo.
6 Karl Brenner, email, Ndira 2018.