Basa ReMdhudhudhu Inomhanya Mwenje Mukuderedza Tsaona dzeMudhudhudhu Panguva Yemasikati;Ongororo yeMabhuku Azvino
Basa reMudhudhudhuKumhanyaMwenjemuKuderedzaKuparara Kwemudhudhudhupanguva yemasikati;Ongororo yeMabhuku Azvino
Mienzaniso yereferensi yako:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
vhidhiyo yereferensi yako:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Abstract
Mukuenzanisa nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa,kutasva mudhudhudhuanongoita tsaona.Vatyairi vemidhudhudhu vanonyanya kukuvadzwa mumuviri kupfuura vatyairi vemotokari.Midhudhudhu yakawanda yemotokari dzakawanda inoitika, pane kodzero-ye-nzira kutyorwa kunoitika mune imwemotokarianotendeuka pamberi pemudhudhudhu, kana kamwe kamwe kuyambuka nzira yemudhudhudhu uri kuuya.Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinotungamira kune yakakwira mwero wekuparara kwemudhudhudhundiko kushaya conspicuity yemidhudhudhunevamwe vashandisi vemigwagwa kunyanya panguva dzekufamba kwemasikati.Iri bepa rinoratidza zvidzidzo zvekare pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemidhudhudhu DRLs, zvichitarisa kushanda kweDRLskunatsiridza mudhudhudhu conspicuity.Iri bepa rinoongorora kukanganisa kweDRL nevatyairi vemidhudhudhu patsaona yemudhudhudhu wemotokari dzakawanda.Iwo matatu mapoka emhedzisiro yemudhudhudhuDRLs dzakaongororwa.Mabhuku ese, anotsigira kuti malights anoshanda masikati anoita senzira ine simba uye inoshanda yekudzikisa mwero wekudhumhana.kuvandudza maonero emudhudhudhumune traffic.Mudhudhudhu DRLs wakakwanisa kudzikisa anenge 4 kusvika 20% yenjodzi yemudhudhudhu.Bepa rino rinokurudzirawo izvozvomudhudhudhu DRLsinofanira kushandiswa pasi rose, kunyanya munyika dzine tsaona dzakakwirira dzemudhudhudhukuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwevatasvipamwe chete nevatasvi vawo vemihoro.
Mazwi Akakosha: Kudzivirira kukuvara,Tsaona dzemumugwagwa, Chiedza chemasikati, kuchengetedzwa kwemutasvi, tsaona yemudhudhudhu
Mienzaniso yereferensi yako:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
vhidhiyo yereferensi yako:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Nhanganyaya
Midhudhudhu inzira inonakidza yekufambisa, asi ine mwero wenjodzi dzinouraya munyika dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira [1,2].Rolison et al., [3] vakashuma kuti kufa uye kukuvara kwehuwandu pakati pevatyairi vemidhudhudhu nevatyairi vavo vepillion ndiyo yepamusoro-soro kana ichienzaniswa nevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa.Nhamba yekufa kwemudhudhudhu pamakiromita akafamba inofungidzirwa kuva kanenge ka10 yakakwirira kana ichienzaniswa nemutakuri wemotokari [4-7].Mukupesana kwevatyairi vemidhudhudhu' mufananidzo wakakurumbira, ivo kazhinji iboka rinotambura revashandisi vemugwagwa.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [8] yakashuma kuti muUnited States, 13% yetsaona dzese dzemotokari dzakaverengerwa nevatyairi vemidhudhudhu, umo mutyairi wemudhudhudhu 4,462 aisanganisira rufu uye 90,000 vatyairi vemidhudhudhu vakakuvara.Ndiko kwanga kuri kuwanda kwe tsaona, apo midhudhudhu yaiumbwa ne3% chete yemota dzese dzakanyoreswa uye nhoroondo ye0.4% chete yemamaira ese emota akafamba.Huwandu hwevatyairi vemidhudhudhu vanopinda mutsaona hwakawedzera nezvikamu zvinopfuura makumi mashanu kubva muzana kubva pa2294 muna 1998 kusvika pa5290 muna 2008. MuBritain, kunyangwe vatyairi vemidhudhudhu vaingoverengerwa chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana chevashandisi vese vemigwagwa, 15% yeavo vakafa kana zvakanyanya. vakakuvara panguva dzetsaona dzemumugwagwa vaiva vatyairi vemidhudhudhu [9].Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana.Chikamu chikuru chetsaona dzemumugwagwa dzinosanganisira rufu uye kukuvara kwakakomba kunowanzo pakati pevatyairi vemidhudhudhu [1,10].MuIran, nhamba yekufa yakaratidza kuti 5000 vanhu vakafa uye 70,000 vakakuvadzwa mutsaona yemudhudhudhu [11,12].Malaysia iri pakati peSangano reSoutheast Asia Nations (ASEAN) nyika dzine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekufa uye vanopfuura makumi mashanu muzana yekufa kwemumigwagwa vari pakati pevatyairi vemidhudhudhu [13,14].Mukuwedzera, sezvo vana, vechidiki uye hupfumi hwehupfumi huri kunyanya kubatanidzwa mukuparara kwemidhudhudhu, kunyanya kutariswa kunotungamirirwa kune rudzi urwu rwetsaona nekuda kwehuwandu hwehupenyu hwakarasika huwandu uye mari inobatanidzwa [15,16].
Zvakataurwa kuti kupfuura 50% yekuputsika kwemudhudhudhu kwakaitika panguva yemasikati, zvichibva pakuongororwa kwenjodzi dzinouraya dzemotokari mbiri pakati pemotokari yemudhudhudhu uye mudhudhudhu [17].Conspicuity izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura kugona kwevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa kuona nekuziva pahuvepo hwemudhudhudhu.Mishumo pamusoro pekuparara kwemudhudhudhu yakapa humbowo hwekuti midhudhudhu yanga isingaonekwe nevamwe vatyairi vemotokari, kunyanya panguva yekuremerwa kwemotokari uye nzvimbo yakaoma yekuona.
Vazhinji vevatyairi vemotokari vaiita tsaona yemudhudhudhu vakati vaisakwanisa kudzivirira kudhumhana kwacho nekuti vaisaona midhudhudhu nevatyairi vawo kana kuti vainge vanonoka kuiona [7].Zvizhinji zvezviitiko apo vatyairi vanokundikana kuziva mudhudhudhu munguva yekuparara kunokonzerwa nekuvapo kwezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivisa maonero emutyairi, zvakadai mukupfuura motokari, nzvimbo kana mukati memotokari pachayo [18,19].Vatsvagiri vakashuma kuti kudhumhana kwakawanda kwepamberi kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemudhudhudhu wepamberi kana kusarudzika kweruboshwe kutendeuka gap sarudzo nevamwe vatyairi [20-23].
Mienzaniso yereferensi yako:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
vhidhiyo yereferensi yako:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Mukuenzanisa nemotokari nemarori, midhudhudhu hainyanyi kuoneka kune vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa.Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanonyanya kunetsa kuona pamwe nekuona kumhanya kwavo kwekuuya, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira kuhuwandu hwekufa kwemudhudhudhu.Zviitiko zvakawanda zvekuputsika kwemudhudhudhu zvinogona kukonzerwa nevamwe vatyairi, avo vangangove vasingazivi nezvemidhudhudhu kusvika yave kunonoka [23-25].Iyi mamiriro anonzi "akatarisa-asi-akatadza-kuona" (LBFS) chiitiko [26-31].Kuti kuderedze tsaona dzemidhudhudhu, maDaytime Running Lights (DRLs) akanzi agadzirise dambudziko iri.Iri bepa rinoratidza zvidzidzo zvakapfuura pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemudhudhudhu DRLs, zvichitarisa pakuita kweDRLs kuvandudza mudhudhudhu conspicuity.
Zvishandiso uye Nzira
Kuti uongorore zvinokonzerwa neDRL zvichienderana nezvinyorwa zviripo, zvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa uye internet zvakashandiswa.Migumisiro yeDRLs yakaongororwa.Matatu makuru mapoka ezvinyorwa akaonekwa kuti aongorore kukosha kwezvidzidzo uye mamwe mishumo akakosha pane pesvedzero yemudhudhudhu DRL.
1. Pesvedzero yemudhudhudhu DRL pamudhudhudhu conspicuity
2. Kufurira kwemudhudhudhu DRL pane zvinokanganisa zvinhu panguva yetsaona yemudhudhudhu
3. Kufurirwa kwemitemo yemudhudhudhu DRL panjodzi dzemudhudhudhu
1. Kufurira kweMotorcycle DRL paMudhudhudhuConspicuity
Kubva pamishumo kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakawanda mumunda uye zvidzidzo zverabhoritari, midhudhudhu ine DRLs inoonekwa zvakanyanya kupfuura midhudhudhu isina iwo [32-34].Kuti aongorore hukama hwemarambi akawanda evatyairi vemidhudhudhu, Donne [35] akaita ongororo yemunda zvichienderana nekuwanda kwakaita mudhudhudhu wacho uye kuzivikanwa.Kuedza kwakavakirwa papfungwa yekuti vatyairi dzimwe nguva vaitadza kuona midhudhudhu iyo yakanga isina chero rubatsiro rwekuona.Kubva pakuongorora, zvakaratidza kuti hunhu hwemudhudhudhu hwakakwidziridzwa kubva pa53.6% kusvika 64.4% (ye40w, 180 mm dhayamita yerambi).Tsanangudzo dzeDRL dzakaongororwa, uye dzakasimbiswa kuti marambi maviri, uye marambi anopfuura 180 mm dhayamita aive nemhedzisiro yakawanda kana ichienzaniswa nemwenje imwechete kana madiki saizi [36].
Williams naHoffmann [34] vakaita ongororo yemurabhoritari mumamiriro ese masikati nehusiku.Vakaona kuti kuoneka kwacho kwakavandudzika apo midhudhudhu yakanga ine matanda akareba uye akaderera kana achienzaniswa nemidhudhudhu isina chiedza.Yakaratidza kuti mudhudhudhu DRL yakavandudza maonero emudhudhudhu nekuwedzera musiyano pakati pemudhudhudhu uye kumashure kwake.
Kubva pane zvidzidzo zvakaitwa muAustralia neUnited States, uko mitemo yekushandiswa kwemwenje yakatoitwa, Thomson [24] akaita chidzidzo chakafanana muNew Zealand kuti aone kana kushandiswa kwemwenje masikati kwaizoitwa.kuderedza kuparara kwemudhudhudhu.Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti mutemo wekushandisa chiedza chezuva masikati unofanirwa kukurudzirwa kuti usimbiswe muNew Zealand, kunyange zvazvo zvisingakoshi kuti vatyairi vemidhudhudhu vabatidze magetsi masikati.Gwaro iri raizosimudzira kuonekwa kwemudhudhudhu uye kuderedza tsaona dzemudhudhudhu.
Kubudirira kwemagadzirirwo emagetsi kwakaongororwa nekuyedza nguva dzekuona dzevatori vechikamu mune chaiyo-yenyika yekutyaira mamiriro [37].Zvakashumwa kuti kuonekwa kwemidhudhudhu nevamwe vatyairi vemotokari nevatyairi kwakawedzera pakabatidzwa marambi avo emberi masikati.Pakadzimwa mwenje wemberi, kukonana kwaigona kuitika nemutyairi wemudhudhudhu kwekurudyi kwakaonekwa nevamwe vatyairi vemota nevatyairi vemotokari kwaive kwakakwirisa zvichienzaniswa nepakabatidzwa raiti remberi.Zvichienderana nechidzidzo ichi, zvaive pachena kuti nekuchinja mwenje wepamusoro-uye wakaderera, pamwe nekugadzirisa mwenje masikati uye husiku-nguva yakaratidza kuvandudzwa kwemudhudhudhu.Iko kushandiswa kwemaDRL maviri kwakawanikwa seyo nzira inoshanda muUnited Kingdom yekuwedzera kuoneka kune midhudhudhu.Nekudaro, iyo yakajairwa kushandiswa kwemwenje wemusoro unowanzo kuiswa kune midhudhudhu, bhachi refluorescent uye mwenje mumwe chete wekumhanya zvakawanikwa zvichibatsira pakuonekwa kwemudhudhudhu.Zvakare, Brendicke et al., [38] akadzidza mhedzisiro yekushandisa mwenje wemazuva ese wemotokari uye midhudhudhu.Vakaona kuti pakanga paine kugadziridzwa kushoma mukuonana apo midhudhudhu yakaisa DRL.
Ongororo yakaitwa naJenness et al., [39] yaisanganisira kuunganidzwa kweongororo yevatori vechikamu pane inonzwisisika nguva yekutanga kutendeuka kuruboshwe kuyambuka nzira yemotokari dzinouya uye akaongorora "nguva yekupedzisira yakachengeteka" kutanga kutendeuka pamberi pemidhudhudhu iri kuuya ine akati wandei.chiedza chemberimarapirwo.Muchiyedzo, kutariswa kwevakapindura kwakaiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvekuona kunze kwemotokari.Pakave nehumbowo hwekuti kuitika kwemashure mapfupi ekuchengetedza kwakaderedzwa panguva yekuedzwa kwemwenje marapirwo.Kazhinji, mhedzisiro yakaratidza inovimbisa, nzira inoshanda yekudzikisa "kuruboshwe kuchinjika nzira" tsaona nekusimudzira mwenje wemberi pamidhudhudhu masikati.
Mukati memamiriro ekuvimbika kwepamusoro, Smither naTorrez [23] vakaongorora kukanganisa kwemurume kana mukadzi, zera, maDRL emotokari uye mamiriro emwenje wemudhudhudhu pakukwanisa kwemunhu kuona mudhudhudhu.Ichi chidzidzo chakakonzera kuongororwa kwezvemudhudhudhuconspicuity conditions, uye kumwe kuongorora kwakataura kuti paive nemusiyano wakakura pakati pekuita nguva yemidhudhudhu ine maDRL neavo vasina maDRL.Ichi chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti maDRL aishanda, uye akapawo humbowo chaihwo hwekutsigira kushandiswa kwemidhudhudhu DRLs, zvaive zvakakosha kuti mudhudhudhu ive pachena kubva kwakapoteredza.Nekushongedza mudhudhudhu neDRLs, inokurumidza kuiona kana ichienzaniswa nevasina maDRL.
2. Kufurira kweModhudhudhu DRL pane Impact Factors panguvaNjodzi dzeModhudhu
Kubva pakuongorora tsaona dzemudhudhudhu muVictoria, Australia, zvakaonekwa kuti pakanga paine misiyano yakakura pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzetsaona [40].Akaona kuti kuvandudzwa kwemidhudhudhu kuonesa kunogona kuderedza tsaona yemudhudhudhu.Dhata pamusoro pemidhudhudhu DRL inobatanidzwa mukuparara kwemotokari dzakawanda pakati pe1976-77 yakaongororwa [18].Mukuenzanisa nemuenzaniso wekutsvaga, 50% yezinga rengozi yakaderedzwa apo chiedza chepamusoro chaishandiswa, izvo zvakaratidza kubatsira kwekushandiswa kwechiedza chepamusoro.Kubatanidzwa kwekuputsika kwakaderedzwa apo marambi emusoro aishandiswa masikati.Zvisinei, pakanga pane kuderera kuduku muyero isinganzwisisiki yakafanotaurwa kwenguva yakareba ya1976 kusvika muna 1981;zvakakonzera kudzikira kweanenge 5% mukatimotokari dzakawandakudhumhana masikati.Muna 1981, zvakafungidzirwa kuti tsaona shanu dzakakosha dzemotokari dzakawanda dzakadziviswa muUnited States apo mutemo wekushandisa chiedza chezuva masikati wakanga usati watevedzwa.Panenge pakaderedzwa pakati pe4.2 kusvika 5.6% mukudhumhana kwemudhudhudhu paishandiswa chiedza chezuva chemudhudhudhu.
Mienzaniso yereferensi yako:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
vhidhiyo yereferensi yako:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Ongororo yemafomu eruzivo rwemigwagwa akapihwa neNew South Wales (NSW), Australia Mapurisa Mapurisa akaitwa naVaughan et al., [41].Pakuongororwa, mudhudhudhu wega wega waitariswa pahuvepo kana kusavapo kwekushandiswa kwemarambi.Pakati pemidhudhudhu ye1104 yakayerwa zvichienderana neChi-square bvunzo, pakanga paine musiyano mukuru mukushandiswa kwerambi uye 402 midhudhudhu inobatanidzwa munjodzi.Zvichida kwaiva kuti avo vaingwarira kuchengeteka vaizobatidza mwenje yavo mukati mezuva kupfuura avo vasina kudaro.Pakati pevatyairi vemidhudhudhu veboka rakasarudzwa zvisina tsarukano, paive nevatyairi vemidhudhudhu vakambopinda mutsaona.Njodzi yengozi yekubatanidzwa mukupunzika yakatenderedza zvakapetwa katatu kana malights asingashande.Mwenje wekushanda mukati memasikati unoratidzika seune simba uye unoshanda nzira yekudzikisa mwero wekudhumhana nekuvandudza kuoneka kwemudhudhudhu mumigwagwa.
3. Pesvedzero yeMitemo yeDRLs Pakuparara kweModhudhu
Allen [42], akaongorora tsaona dzekambani yemabhazi, aive pakati pevekutanga kuita ongororo yekuona kushanda kweDRLs.Zvaakawana zvakaratidza kuti nekuita kuti kushandiswa kweDRL kusungirwe kwakaderedzwa ne40% chiyero chekuparara pamiriyoni yemamaira mumamiriro emasikati kana zvichienzaniswa negore risati raitwa.Mhedzisiro yemitemo yemwenje yemasikati mune dzimwe nzvimbo muUnited States yakaongororwa [43].MuUnited States, pakati pa1975 kusvika 1983, mutemo wokubatidza marambi emudhudhudhu uye mwenje weshure nguva dzose wakadzikwa mumatunhu 14.Kuitwa kwemitemo kwakatanga muna 1967 apo pakave nekuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekushandiswa kwemidhudhudhu, izvo zvakakonzerawo kuwanda kwenjodzi dzinosanganisira midhudhudhu.Kutevedzwa kwemutemo kwakakonzerwa zvakare nekuwedzera kwehumbowo hwekushandiswa kwemasikati kwemwenje wemberi uye taillights izvo zvaizovandudza.zvemudhudhudhuconspicuity nokudaro kuderedza mwero wetsaona.Zador [43] yematunhu ane mitemo yakatevedzwa, yakawanawo kudzikira kukuru kwereshiyo yeku tsaona kwemasikati kusvika pakuparara kwehusiku.Imwezve ongororo yakaratidza kuti pakanga paine kudzikira kwechikamu chegumi nenhatu muzana chetsaona dzemidhudhudhu masikati kumatunhu ane mitemo yakadzikwa, zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzisina.Muchidzidzo chese, paive nematunhu makumi matatu ayo asina kuteedzera mitemo yemudhudhudhu masikati malights.Kana dzose idzi nyika dzakashandisa mitemo, zvakafungidzirwa kuti 140 yakawanda inourayamudhudhudhukubonderana kungadai kwakadziviswa.
Kuongororwa kwekuparara kwakaitwa muIndia, Montana, Oregon, uye Wisconsin kuongorora kushanda kwemitemo pakushandiswa kweDRLs yemudhudhudhu isati yaitwa uye mushure mekutevedzwa kwemutemo [33].Zvisinei, Janoff et al., [33] vakakundikana kumisa kongiri yedata uye kubvumira kusiyanisa kwegore negore kwekuparara kwemasikati neusiku kubva panguva yekutsvagisa (kusati kwaitwa uye shure kwekutevedzwa) kwaingova pakati pe6 kusvika kumwedzi ye12. .Zvichienderana nezvakasanganiswa zvakawanikwa, tsaona dzemasikati dzaive shoma kana zvichienzaniswa netsaona dzehusiku muOregon, Wisconsin neIndiana.Mukufananidza, mwero wekuparara kwemasikati wakawedzera muMontana.Naizvozvo, Janoff et al.akagumisa kuti mudhudhudhu conspicuity kuwedzera nekushandiswa yakakwirira uye yakaderera dandamarambi emberisezvo pakanga paine kuderera kwehuwandu hwekudhumhana.
Mutemo weAustria we "hard-wiring" wa1982 wakanzi unoshanda mukuderedza huwandu hwekudhumhana kwemudhudhudhu masikati [44].Bijleved [44] yakashuma chidzidzo pamusoro pemigumisiro yeDRLs nemidhudhudhu muEuropean Union, iyo yainyanya kutarisa kuAustria sezvo mutemo wakanga uchangobva kushandiswa muna 1982. Muongororo yakaitwa kuNorth Carolina, Waller naGriffin [45] yakawanikwa. kuti mwero wekudhumhana kwemotokari zhinji mukati memasikati wakadzikiswa mushure mekunge mutemo wemarambi emudhudhudhu watevedzwa.Mhedzisiro yemutemo muNorth Carolina yakaongororwa nekuongorora data rekuparara kwemakore matanhatu kubva 1972 kusvika 1976. Musi waGunyana 1, 1973, mutemo wakatevedzwa, panguva iyo basa remudhudhudhu rakanga richidzikira mushure mekusvika pakakwirira mumwedzi yezhizha. .Chikamu chekudhumhana kwemidhudhudhu chakaenzaniswa nechikamu chakafanana chetsaona dzese.Pakadzikira zvakanyanya tsaona idzi dzinosanganisira midhudhudhu mushure mekunge mutemo waitwa.Kuderedzwa kwakafanana hakuna kuonekwa pakuparara kwese.Zvichienderana nezvakawanikwa, zvakagumiswa kuti mutemo wemarambi emudhudhudhu wakabatsira mukuderedzwa kwakanaka kwemasikati kudhumhana kwemotokari zhinji.
Kukanganisa kwekumanikidzamwenje wemudhudhudhu kushandiswa muSingapore kubva munaNovember 1995 kwakaongororwa neYuan [46].Pakanga pasina mhedzisiro yakakosha apo kuparara kwese kwakatorwa mufungwa.Zvakadaro, tsaona idzi padzakaiswa muchikamu chakasiyana chekuomarara, pakave nemhedzisiro yakakosha kune zviitiko zvakakomba zvekukuvadzwa uye tsaona dzinouraya, asi kwete zvekuputsika kudiki.Zvainzi kudzikira kukuru kwe tsaona dzinouraya uye dzakakomba zvichienzaniswa nedzekukoromoka kudiki kwakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemwenje yemoto masikati izvo zvaiwedzera kuoneka kwevashandisi vemugwagwa painge pave kuda kuitika tsaona, izvo zvakaita kuti vakwanise kutyora nguva refu uye kuderedza kumhanya [ 46].Zvaive pachena kuti kuderera kwekudhumhana kunouraya hwaive humbowo hwechokwadi, sezvo mwero wakadzikira kubva paavhareji yegore yeanosvika makumi mana kusvika pamakumi maviri nemana chete mushure megore remitemo.
Kudhumhana kwemasikati muWestern Australia kunyanya pamudhudhudhu kubva 1989 kusvika 1994 kwakadzidzwa naRosman naRyan [47].Australian Design Rule (ADR 19/01) yakashanda kutanga 1992, umo midhudhudhu mitsva yese inofanirwa kugadzirwa ine marambi emberi anobatidzwa otomatiki kana mudhudhudhu uchishandiswa.Paive nemhando ina dzekudhumhana dzaive dzakatariswa: musoro nechepadivi, swipe padivi zvakatarisana, yakananga kurudyi uye isina kunanga kona yekurudyi.Kuderera kuduku kwakaonekwa mukuputsika kwemasikati pakati pemotokari nemidhudhudhu;zvisinei, zvakanga zvisina kukosha.Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nehukuru hukuru hwemuenzaniso wemidhudhudhu mitsva munguva yese yekutsvagisa, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekushandiswa kwemwenje wemasikati nekuzvidira pakati pevatyairi vemidhudhudhu.
Nekushandisa data reNSW kubva kuAustralian Road Fatality Database kubva 1992 kusvika 1995, ongororo yakafanana yakaitwa naAttewell [48].Attewell haana kusiyanisa pakati pekudhumhana kwakabatana nevamwe, asi akangoita kuenzanisa pahuwandu hwekudhumhana kwemudhudhudhu mumwechete uye tsaona dzemotokari-mudhudhudhu dzakakonzera kukuvara kana kufa kwevatyairi vemidhudhudhu vakafa- kana kuti mushure mekutanga kuitwa kweAustralia. Dhizaini Rule (ADR 19/01).Kudzikira kwe2% mureshiyo yetsaona dzemudhudhudhu-mota dzese kudhumhana kwehuremu hwakasiyana kwakaratidza kuti ADR yaive nezvakawanda zvinokanganisa.Mugumisiro wacho wakanga wakakura nokuda kwetsaona dzinouraya;zvisinei, izvi zvaingove nekungo konzera tsaona gumi nenhanhatu nemuchina weADR wakabatanidzwa.Pave nemakore akati wandei kuti nyika zhinji muUS dzitemedze mitemo yekuti mudhudhudhu ushandise magetsi masikati.California yakaisa mutemo unoda kuti midhudhudhu yese ive nechokwadi chekuti maraiti emberi anobatidzwa nguva nenguva kana injini yabatidzwa kubva muna 1972. Muna 1978 chete kutevedzwa kwemutemo kwakabudirira.Mhedzisiro yekukura kwekushandiswa kwemwenje pamberi uye mushure mekushandiswa kwemutemo weCalifornian wakadzidzwa [49].Chiyero chisinganzwisisike chevakafa chakatemerwa gore rega rega kubva 1976 kusvika 1981. Zvisineyi, pakanga pasina chimiro chakakosha chakawanikwa, icho Muller [49] mune imwe ongororo yakaongorora mutemo wemudhudhudhu DRL muCalifornia wanga uchivimbisa mukuderedza kuwanda kwemasikati.Mhedzisiro yacho yakawana kuderera kudiki kwehuwandu hwetsaona dzemotokari dzakawanda.Mwenje yemota dzese nemidhudhudhu inofanirwa kubatidzwa masikati muFinland neSweden.Rumar [50] akaita ongororo yeDRL muSweden.Zvaakawana zvakaratidza kuti kushandisa mwenje wakadzikira mukati memasikati kwaizokwanisa kuderedza huwandu hwetsaona.Pakave nekudzikira kwekuparara kwemotokari kwakawanda masikati ne32% uye 4% husiku.Chidzidzo ichi chakanganisa shanduko yemitemo muSweden nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda.
Zvichienderana nezvidzidzo zviviri muMalaysia zvekumboongorora pesvedzero yenguva pfupi yemudhudhudhu DRLs, Radin Umar et al., [51] akawana kudonha kukuru kwaive mutsaona dzakawanda dzemudhudhudhu.Kupfuurirazve, panzvimbo imwechete yekutyaira tsaona dzine chekuita nenjodzi pakati pemidhudhudhu dzakaongororwa [51].Radin modhi yakaratidza kuti mudhudhudhu DRL wakakwanisa kuderedza kudhumhana kwemudhudhudhu ne29%.
Mienzaniso yereferensi yako:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
vhidhiyo yereferensi yako:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Kukurukurirana
Vatyairi vemidhudhudhu vanowanzoita tsaona.Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwedziviriro, tsaona dzemudhudhudhu dzinokonzeresa kukuvara kwakanyanya kana kudhumhana kuchiitika.Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo vazhinji vanowirwa nenjodzi vari vechidiki, tsaona idzi dzinowanzokonzera kufa kwakanyanya uye kudhura kwehupfumi hwemagariro kune avo vakakuvara zvakaipisisa.Ichi ndicho chikonzero kudzikira kuri pakati nepakati kwehuwandu hwekuparara kuchizopa zvakakosha kune vangangove vakakuvadzwa uye kugara zvakanaka kwehupfumi munharaunda.
Ngozi yakakura yekudhumhana kwakawanda kwemudhudhudhu inogara yakabatana neyakaderera mwero wemudhudhudhu conspicuity.Naizvozvo, pane zvakakosha zvikuru kuti titaurirane nezvenyaya inechekuita nenharaunda yevatyairi vemidhudhudhu kuti vanyengetedze vatyairi vemotokari kuti vangwarire midhudhudhu iri kuuya.Kuchinja magetsi emudhudhudhu kuchavimbisa kuti ichave yakasiyana nekumashure, kunyangwe mwero wechiedza wakadzikira.Izvi zvichavandudza mukana wekuona izvo zvinoenderana neanoona system zvivakwa, uye inochengetedza seyamuro inoshanda yekuona mukufamba kwenguva.Tichifunga, DRL imodhi yekubhadharira zvese zviri zviviri tarisiro yakaderera uye kukosha kwakaderera.DRLs vanozopa mutsauko wakasimba wavanoonekwa kuseri.
Ongororo iyi inopfupikisa kuti maDRL emudhudhudhu anoshanda mukudzikisa tsaona yemudhudhudhu.Zvakadaro, kuramba kushandisa midhudhudhu DRLs munyika dziri kusimukira uye dzakasimukira dzichiri kuitika kunyangwe dzichishanda.Ongororo iyi inoratidzawo kuti maDRL emudhudhudhu haasi kungowedzera hunhu hwemudhudhudhu, asi zvakare inopa maitiro akanaka pane vamwe vatyairi nguva yekupindura.Naizvozvo, muAustria, Germany, Belgium, France, Portugal nedzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka, zvinosungirwa kushandura magetsi emudhudhudhu masikati.Nekuda kwemaitiro akanaka pakuwedzera kuoneswa nevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa, DRL inosungirwa kuvatyairi vemotokari zvakare mune dzimwe nyika.Ongororo iyi muunganidzwa wehumbowo huripo hwekuti mudhudhudhu DRL unogona kudzivirira tsaona yemudhudhudhu.Ongororo yakavimbika pamusoro pekushanda kwemudhudhudhu DRL ichabatsira mukutsvagisa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemigwagwa, kunyanya pamutengo unogoneka kuisa mutemo weDRL uye kuteedzera munyika umo mwero wekufa kwemudhudhudhu wakakwira.Iri bepa rakagumisa kuti midhudhudhu DRLs inokwanisa kuderedza njodzi yekudhumhana inenge 4 kusvika 20%.Ongororo iyi zvakare inotsigira pfungwa yekuti midhudhudhu DRL inofanirwa kusimudzirwa pasi rose kuti iwedzere kuchengetedzeka kwevatyairi vavo.
Kupokana kwechido: Hapana chakaziviswa.
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Mienzaniso yereferensi yako:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
vhidhiyo yereferensi yako:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Zvinyorwa kubva Bulletin ofEmergency& Trauma zvinopihwa pano nerubatsiro rweTrauma Research Center yeShiraz University ofMedical Sayenzi