Karolo ea Mabone a Lithuthuthu Ho Fokotseng Likotsi Tsa Lithuthuthu Motšehare;Tlhahlobo ea Lingoliloeng Tsa Hona Joale
Karolo eaSethuthuthuHo mathaMaboneka ho FokotsaLikotsi Tsa Lithuthuthunakong ea motšehare;Tlhahlobo ea Lingoliloeng Tsa Hona Joale
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https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video bakeng sa litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Kakaretso
Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea lipalangoang,ho palama sethuthuthue atisa ho hlaheloa ke likotsi.Bakhanni ba lithuthuthu ba pepesehetse likotsi tsa 'mele ho feta bakhanni ba likoloi.Likotsi tse ngata tsa likoloi tse ngata li etsahala, ho na le tlōlo ea molao-ea-tsela e etsahalang moo e 'ngoekoloiho thinyetsa ka pele ho sethuthuthu, kapa sefapano sa tshohanyetso sa sethuthuthu se tlang.Ntho e 'ngoe e ka sehloohong e lebisang ho sekhahla se phahameng salikotsi tsa sethuthuthuke ho hloka conspicuity ealithuthuthuke basebelisi ba bang ba litsela haholo-holo nakong ea sephethephethe sa motšehare.Pampiri ena e totobatsa lithuto tse fetileng mabapi le ts'ebetsong ea lithuthuthu tsa DRL, tse shebaneng le katleho ea li-DRL hontlafatsa ponahalo ea lithuthuthu.Pampiri ena e shebana le litlamorao tsa DRL ke bapalami ba lithuthuthu kotsing ea likoloi tse ngata.Mekhahlelo e meraro ea litlamorao tsasethuthuthuLi-DRL li ile tsa hlahlojoa.Lingoliloeng tsohle, tse tšehetsang mabone a sebetsang nakong ea mots'eare li bonahala e le mokhoa o nang le tšusumetso le o sebetsang oa ho fokotsa sekhahla sa ho thulana.ntlafatsa ponahalo ea sethuthuthusephethephetheng.Lithuthuthu tsa DRL li khonne ho fokotsa hoo e ka bang 4 ho isa ho 20% ea kotsi ea ho oa ha sethuthuthu.Pampiri ena e boetse e khothalletsa horesethuthuthu DRLse tlameha ho sebelisoa lefatšeng ka bophara, haholo-holo linaheng tse nang le likotsi tse phahameng tsa lithuthuthu hontlafatsa polokeho ea bapalamihammoho le bapalami ba tsona ba limillione.
Mantsoe a Bohlokoa: Thibelo ea likotsi,Dikotsi tsa mebileng, Lebone la motsheare, Polokeho ya bapalami, Kotsi ya sethuthuthu
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https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video bakeng sa litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Selelekela
Lithuthuthu ke mokhoa o sa thabiseng oa lipalangoang, empa o na le likotsi tse phahameng tse bolaeang linaheng tse tsoetseng pele le tse tsoelang pele [1,2].Rolison et al., [3] o tlalehile hore palo ea batho ba shoang le ea likotsi har'a bapalami ba lithuthuthu le bapalami ba bona ba pillion ke eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ha e bapisoa le basebelisi ba bang ba litsela.Sekhahla sa lefu bakeng sa mokhanni oa sethuthuthu ka mile e le 'ngoe e hakanngoa hore bonyane e phahame ka makhetlo a 10 ha e bapisoa le mopalami oa koloi [4-7].Khahlanong lebapalami ba lithuthuthu' Setšoantšo se tsebahalang, hangata ke sehlopha se tlokotsing sa basebelisi ba litsela.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [8] e tlalehile hore United States, 13% ea kakaretso ea likotsi tsa likoloi li ile tsa tlalehoa ke bapalami ba lithuthuthu, moo bapalami ba lithuthuthu ba 4,462 ba amehang lefu le ba 90,000 ba lithuthuthu ba lemetseng.Eo e ne e le lebelo le phahameng hakana la likotsi, ha lithuthuthu li entsoe ka 3% feela ea likoloi tsohle tse ngolisitsoeng le tlaleho ea 0.4% feela ea lik'hilomithara tsohle tsa likoloi tse tsamaileng.Palo eohle ea bapalami ba lithuthuthu ba amehang likotsing e eketsehile ka ho feta 50% ho tloha ho 2294 ka 1998 ho ea ho 5290 ka 2008. Brithani, le hoja bapalami ba lithuthuthu ba ne ba baloa feela bakeng sa 1% ea basebelisi ba litsela, 15% ea ba shoeleng kapa ba tebileng. ba lemetseng nakong ea likotsi tsa litsela e ne e le bakhanni ba lithuthuthu [9].Linaheng tse tsoelang pele, boemo boa tšoana.Karolo e kholo ea likotsi tsa mebileng tse amang lefu le likotsi tse mpe haholo ke tsa bapalami ba lithuthuthu [1,10].Iran, lipalo-palo tsa batho ba shoeleng li bontšitse hore batho ba 5000 ba shoele 'me ba 70,000 ba lemetse likotsing tsa lithuthuthu [11,12].Malaysia ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tsa Mokhatlo oa Linaha tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela (ASEAN) tse nang le sekhahla se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa batho ba shoang' me liperesente tse fetang 50 tsa batho ba shoang litseleng li har'a bapalami ba lithuthuthu [13,14].Ho phaella moo, kaha bana, bacha le baahi ba mafolofolo ba moruo ba ameha haholo likotsing tsa lithuthuthu, tlhokomelo e ngata e lebisitsoe ho mofuta ona oa kotsi ka lebaka la tekanyo e phahameng ea bophelo le litšenyehelo tse amehang [15,16].
Ho ile ha tlalehoa hore ho feta 50% ea likotsi tsa lithuthuthu li etsahetse nakong ea motšehare, ho itšetlehile ka tlhahlobo ea likotsi tse bolaeang tsa likoloi tse peli pakeng tsa koloi ea bapalami le sethuthuthu [17].Conspicuity ke lentsoe le sebelisoang ho hlalosa bokhoni ba basebelisi ba bang ba litsela ho bona le ho elelloa boteng ba sethuthuthu.Litlaleho tse mabapi le likotsi tsa lithuthuthu li fane ka bopaki ba hore lithuthuthu ha lia ka tsa bonoa ke bakhanni ba likoloi tse ling, haholo-holo nakong ea sephethephethe se seholo le sebaka se rarahaneng sa pono.
Bongata ba bakhanni ba likoloi ba ileng ba ameha likotsing tsa likoloi tsa lithuthuthu ba ile ba bolela hore ba ne ba sitoa ho thibela ho thulana ha tsona hobane ha baa ka ba bona lithuthuthu le bapalami ba tsona kapa ba li bone morao haholo [7].Boholo ba linyeoe tseo bakhanni ba hlōlehang ho khetholla sethuthuthu ka nako ea kotsi ke ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha litšitiso tse ling tse thibelang maikutlo a mokhanni, joalo ka sephethephethe se fetang, sebaka kapa ka har'a koloi ka boeona [18,19].Bafuputsi ba tlalehile hore boholo ba likotsi tse ka pele li bakoa ke ho haella ha lithuthuthu tse ka pele kapa qeto e fosahetseng ea lekhalo le letšehali ke bakhanni ba bang [20-23].
Mefuta ea litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video bakeng sa litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Ha ho bapisoa le likoloi le literaka, lithuthuthu ha li bonahale ho basebelisi ba bang ba litsela.Ho feta moo, ho thata ho li lemoha le ho tseba hore na li atamela lebelo la tsona hakae, e leng se tlatsetsang haholo ho bolaeang lithuthuthu.Maemong a mangata a likotsi tsa lithuthuthu li ka bakoa ke bakhanni ba bang, bao mohlomong ba neng ba sa tsebe lithuthuthu ho fihlela e se e le morao haholo [23-25].Boemo bona bo bitsoa "ho shebahala-empa-ho hloleha-ho bona" (LBFS) phenomenon [26-31].Ho fokotsa sekhahla sa likotsi tsa lithuthuthu, ho entsoe tlhahiso ea Mabone a Mots'eare (DRLs) ho fokotsa bothata bona.Pampiri ena e totobatsa lithuto tse fetileng mabapi le ts'ebetsong ea lithuthuthu tsa DRL, tse shebaneng le katleho ea li-DRL ho ntlafatsa ponahalo ea lithuthuthu.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Ho lekola litlamorao tsa DRL ho latela lingoliloeng tse fumanehang, ho ile ha sebelisoa li-database tse khethiloeng le marang-rang.Liphello tsa DRL li ile tsa hlahlojoa.Likarolo tse tharo tse kholo tsa lingoliloeng li ile tsa khethoa ho lekola lithuto tsa boleng le litlaleho tse ling tsa bohlokoa mabapi le tšusumetso ea sethuthuthu DRL.
1. Tšusumetso ea sethuthuthu DRL ho conspicuity sethuthuthu
2. Tšusumetso ea sethuthuthu DRL ho lintlha tse amang nakong ea likotsi tsa lithuthuthu
3. Tšusumetso ea melao ea lithuthuthu tsa DRL likotsing tsa lithuthuthu
1. Tšusumetso ea sethuthuthu DRL kaSethuthuthuConspicuity
Ho ipapisitsoe le litlaleho ka liteko tse ngata tsa liteko le lithuto tsa laboratori, lithuthuthu tse nang le DRL li bonahala haholo ho feta lithuthuthu tse se nang tsona [32-34].E le ho lekola ponahalo ea mabone a 'maloa a li-headlamp bakeng sa bapalami ba lithuthuthu, Donne [35] o ile a etsa teko ea tšimo ho itšetlehile ka makhetlo ao sethuthuthu se ileng sa fumanoa le ho tsejoa ka sona.Teko ena e ne e thehiloe khopolong ea hore ka linako tse ling bakhanni ba ne ba hlōleha ho bona lithuthuthu tse neng li se na thuso leha e le efe e hlakileng.Ho latela tlhahlobo, ho bonts'itse hore ponahalo ea sethuthuthu e matlafalitsoe ho tloha ho 53.6% ho isa ho 64.4% (bakeng sa lebone la hlooho la 40w, 180 mm bophara).Litlhaloso tsa li-DRL li ile tsa hlahlojoa, 'me ho netefalitsoe hore mabone a mabeli, le mabone a fetang 180 mm bophara a bile le tšusumetso e ngata ha a bapisoa le mabone a le mong kapa a manyenyane [36].
Williams le Hoffmann [34] ba ile ba etsa teko ea laboratori maemong a mabeli le bosiu.Ba ile ba fumana hore ponahalo e hlakileng e ile ea ntlafala ha lithuthuthu li ne li e-na le maballo a phahameng le a tlaase ha li bapisoa le lithuthuthu tse se nang khanya.E bontšitse hore sethuthuthu sa DRL se ntlafalitse pono ea motho ea tsamaeang ka sethuthuthu ka ho eketsa phapang lipakeng tsa sethuthuthu le semelo sa hae.
Ho ipapisitsoe le liphuputso tse entsoeng Australia le United States, moo maano a tšebeliso ea lebone a se a ntse a sebelisoa, Thomson [24] o ile a etsa phuputso e tšoanang New Zealand ho lekola hore na tšebeliso ea mabone nakong ea mots'eare e ne e tla etsa joalo.fokotsa likotsi tsa lithuthuthu.Liphello li bontšitse hore leano la ho sebelisa mabone nakong ea motšehare le lokela ho khothaletsoa hore le sebelisoe New Zealand, le hoja ho sa hlokahale hore bakhanni ba lithuthuthu ba khantše mabone nakong ea motšehare.Leano lena le tla matlafatsa ponahalo ea lithuthuthu le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa lithuthuthu.
Ts'ebetso ea li-modulator tsa mabone a hlooho e ile ea hlahlojoa ka ho lekola linako tsa ho lemoha tsa barupeluoa maemong a sebele a ho khanna a lefatše [37].Ho ile ha tlalehoa hore ho bonahatsoa ha lithuthuthu ke bakhanni ba bang ba likoloi le bakhanni ba likoloi ho ile ha eketseha ha mabone a bona a khanyang a ntse a bonesoa motšehare.Ha lebone la pele le tingoa, khohlano e neng e ka ’na ea e-ba teng pakeng tsa mokhanni oa lithuthuthu le bakhanni ba bang ba likoloi e ne e phahame ha e bapisoa le ha lebone le khantšitsoe.Ho ipapisitsoe le thuto, ho ile ha totobala hore ka ho khantša mabone a phahameng le a tlase, hammoho le ho fetola mabone nakong ea mots'eare le bosiu ho bonts'a ntlafatso ea ponahalo ea sethuthuthu.Tšebeliso ea li-DRL tse peli e ile ea fumanoa e le mokhoa o sebetsang ka ho fetisisa United Kingdom oa ho eketsa ponahalo ea lithuthuthu.Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea lebone la pele hangata le kenngoeng lithuthuthu, baki ea fluorescent le lebone le le leng le tsamaeang le tsona li ile tsa fumanoa li kenya letsoho molemong oa ponahalo eamokhanni oa sethuthuthu.Hape, Brendicke et al., [38] o ithutile liphello tsa ho sebelisa leseli le tloaelehileng la motšehare bakeng sa likoloi le lithuthuthu.Ba ile ba fumana hore ho bile le ntlafatso e nyane ponong ha lithuthuthu li sebelisa DRL.
Phuputso e entsoeng ke Jenness et al., [39] e kenyelelitse pokello ea litlhahlobo tsa barupeluoa mabapi le nako eo ho nahanoang hore ba ka qala ho tjeka ka ho le letšehali tseleng ea likoloi tse kenang 'me ba hlahloba "motsotso oa ho qetela o bolokehileng" ho qala ho thinya ka pel'a lithuthuthu tse tlang tse ngata.ho bonesa peleliphekolo.Tekong, tlhokomelo ea ba arabelitsoeng e arotsoe ka mesebetsi e 'meli e fapaneng ea pono kantle ho koloi.Ho ne ho e-na le bopaki ba hore ketsahalo ea likhahla tse khutšoanyane tsa tšireletso e fokotsehile nakong ea phekolo ea mabone a liteko.Ka kakaretso, sephetho se bontšitse tsela e tšepisang, e sebetsang ea ho fokotsa likotsi tsa "khoela le letšehali" ka ho ntlafatsa mabone a lithuthuthu motšehare.
Ka har'a boemo bo etsisitsoeng ba botšepehi bo phahameng, Smither le Torrez [23] ba ile ba lekola litlamorao tsa bong, lilemo, li-DRL tsa likoloi le maemo a mabone a sethuthuthu mabapi le bokhoni ba motho ba ho bona sethuthuthu.Thuto ena e ile ea fella ka tlhahlobo eaea sethuthuthumaemo a pepenene, le tlhahlobo e 'ngoe e boletse hore ho na le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa nako ea ho arabela lithuthuthu tse nang le DRL le tse se nang DRL.Phuputso ena e senotse hore li-DRL li ne li sebetsa hantle, hape li fane ka bopaki ba sebele ba ho tšehetsa ts'ebetsong ea lithuthuthu tsa DRL, ho ne ho hlokahala hore sethuthuthu se bonahale ho tsoa tikolohong.Ka ho hlomella sethuthuthu ka li-DRL, ho potlakile ho se bona ha se bapisoa le ba se nang DRL.
2. Tšusumetso ea lithuthuthu DRL ka Impact Factors nakongLikotsi Tsa Lithuthuthu
Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo ea likotsi tsa lithuthuthu Victoria, Australia, ho ile ha sibolloa hore ho na le phapang e kholo har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea likotsi [40].O fumane hore ho ntlafala ha lithuthuthu ho ka fokotsa likotsi tsa lithuthuthu.Lintlha tse mabapi le lithuthuthu DRL tse amehang likotsing tse ngata tsa likoloi lipakeng tsa 1976-77 li hlahlobiloe [18].Ha ho bapisoa le mohlala oa ho pepeseha, karolo ea 50 lekholong ea sekhahla sa kotsi e fokotsehile ha ho sebelisoa lebone la hlooho, e leng se bontšang molemo oa tšebeliso ea lebone la hlooho.Ho ameha ha kotsi ho ile ha fokotseha ha ho sebelisoa mabone a hlooho motšehare.Leha ho le joalo, ho bile le phokotseho e nyenyane ea karo-karolelano e sa tloaelehang e boletsoeng esale pele bakeng sa nako ea 1976 ho ea ho 1981;e bakile ho theoha ha hoo e ka bang 5% holikoloi tse ngataho thulana motsheare.Ka 1981, ho ile ha hakanngoa hore hoo e ka bang likotsi tse hlano tsa likotsi tsa likoloi tse ngata li ile tsa thibeloa United States ha molao oa ho sebelisa khanya ea letsatsi motšehare o ne o e-s'o sebelisoe.Hoo e ka bang ho bile le phokotseho e lipakeng tsa 4.2 ho isa ho 5.6% ea ho thulana ha lithuthuthu ha ho ne ho sebetsoa khanya ea lithuthuthu motšehare.
Mefuta ea litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video bakeng sa litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Tlhahlobo ea liforomo tsa tlhahisoleseding ea sephethephethe tse fanoeng ke New South Wales (NSW), Mapolesa a Australia a ile a etsoa ke Vaughan et al., [41].Bakeng sa phuputso, sethuthuthu se seng le se seng se ne se hlahlojoa ho ba teng kapa ho se be teng ha tšebeliso ea mabone a hlooho.Har'a lithuthuthu tsa 1104 tse lekantsoeng ho latela tlhahlobo ea Chi-square, ho ne ho e-na le phapang e khōlō tšebelisong ea lebone la hlooho le lithuthuthu tse 402 tse amehang likotsing.Mohlomong e ne e le hore ba amehileng haholo ka polokeho ba ne ba tla khantša mabone a bona motšehare ho feta ba neng ba sa etse joalo.Har'a bakhanni ba lithuthuthu ba sehlopha se khethiloeng ka tšohanyetso, ho ne ho e-na le bapalami ba lithuthuthu ba kileng ba ameha likotsing.Kotsi e lekanyelitsoeng ea ho ameha kotsing e ka holimo ho makhetlo a mararo ha mabone a pele a sa sebetse.Mabone a ho sebetsa motšehare a bonahala e le mokhoa o se nang tšusumetso le o sebetsang oa ho fokotsa lebelo la ho thulana ka ho ntlafatsa ponahalo ea lithuthuthu sephethephetheng.
3. Tšusumetso ea Melao ea DRL ka Likotsi tsa Lithuthuthu
Allen [42], ea ileng a hlahloba likotsi tsa k'hamphani ea libese, e bile e mong oa ba pele ba ho etsa boithuto ho fumana hore na DRLs e sebetsa hantle hakae.Seo a se fumaneng se bontšitse hore ka ho etsa hore tšebeliso ea li-DRL e be tlamo e fokotsehile ka 40% sekhahla sa ho senyeha ha lik'hilomithara tse milione sebakeng sa motšehare ha se bapisoa le selemo pele ho ts'ebetsong.Liphello tsa melao ea khanya ea motšehare libakeng tse ling tsa United States li ile tsa hlahlojoa [43].United States, pakeng tsa 1975 le 1983, molao oa ho khantša mabone a lithuthuthu le mabone a morao ka linako tsohle o ile oa sebelisoa liprofinseng tse 14.Ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha melao ho qalile ka 1967 ha ho ne ho e-na le keketseho e tsotehang ea tšebeliso ea lithuthuthu, e leng se ileng sa kenya letsoho ho palo e phahameng ea likotsi tse amang lithuthuthu.Ts'ebetsong ea molao e ne e boetse e bakoa ke bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba tšebeliso ea motšehare oa mabone le mabone a ka morao a neng a tla ntlafatsa.ea sethuthuthuconspicuity kahoo fokotsa lebelo la kotsi.Zador [43] bakeng sa linaha tse nang le melao e sebelisoang, e boetse e fumane ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha karolelano ea likotsi tsa motšehare le likotsi tsa bosiu.Litlhahlobo tse ling li bonts'itse hore ho bile le phokotseho ea 13% ea liperesente tsa likotsi tsa lithuthuthu mots'ehare bakeng sa linaha tse nang le melao e kentsoeng tšebetsong, ha ho bapisoa le linaha tse sa kang tsa etsa joalo.Ho pholletsa le thuto, ho ne ho e-na le linaha tse ka bang 30 tse sa kang tsa tiisa melao ea mabone a koloi a motšeare.Haeba linaha tsena kaofela li ne li sebelisa melao, ho hakanngoa hore tse ling tse 140 li ne li bolaeasethuthuthulikhohlano li ka be li ile tsa qojoa.
Litlhahlobo tsa likotsi li ile tsa etsoa India, Montana, Oregon, le Wisconsin ho lekola katleho ea taolo ea tšebeliso ea lithuthuthu tsa DRL pele le ka mor'a ts'ebetsong ea molao [33].Leha ho le joalo, Janoff et al., [33] o ile a hlōleha ho theha sete ea konkreite ea data le ho lumella phapang e tloaelehileng ea selemo le selemo ea likotsi tsa motšehare le bosiu ho tloha ha nako ea lipatlisiso (pele le ka mor'a ts'ebetsong) e ne e le pakeng tsa 6 le likhoeli tsa 12 feela. .Ho ipapisitsoe le liphuputso tse fapaneng, likotsi tsa mots'eare li ne li fokola ha li bapisoa le likotsi tsa bosiu Oregon, Wisconsin le Indiana.Ha ho bapisoa, sekhahla sa likotsi tsa mots'eare se eketsehile Montana.Ka hona, Janoff et al.o ile a etsa qeto ea hore ponahalo ea lithuthuthu e eketseha ka tšebeliso ea mahlaseli a phahameng le a tlaasemabone a pelekaha ho bile le phokotseho ea sekhahla sa likhohlano.
Molao oa 1982 oa "hard-wiring" oa Austria o tlalehiloe o sebetsa ho fokotsa palo ea lithuthuthu nakong ea motšehare [44].Bijleved [44] o tlalehile phuputso e mabapi le phello ea DRL ka lithuthuthu European Union, e neng e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo-holo Austria kaha molao o ne o sa tsoa sebelisoa ka 1982. Phuputsong e thehiloeng North Carolina, Waller le Griffin [45] e ile ea sibolloa. hore sekhahla sa ho thulana ha likoloi tse ngata motšehare se ile sa fokotseha ka mor'a hore molao oa mabone a likoloi o kenngoe.Phello ea molao oa North Carolina e ile ea hlahlojoa ka ho hlahloba lintlha tsa ho senyeha ha nako ea lilemo tse tšeletseng ho tloha 1972 ho ea 1976. Ka la 1 Loetse 1973, molao o ile oa kenngoa ts'ebetsong, nakong eo mosebetsi oa lithuthuthu o neng o fokotseha ka mor'a ho fihla tlhōrōng ea likhoeli tsa lehlabula. .Liperesente tsa ho thulana ha lithuthuthu li ile tsa bapisoa le liperesente tse tšoanang bakeng sa likotsi tsohle.Ho bile le phokotseho e kgolo dikotsing tsena tse amang dithuthuthu ka mora hore molao o kenngwe tshebetsong.Phokotso e tšoanang ha ea bonoa bakeng sa likotsi tse akaretsang.Ho ipapisitsoe le liphuputso, ho ile ha fihleloa qeto ea hore molao oa mabone a lithuthuthu o kentse letsoho phokotsong e ntle ea ho thulana ha likoloi tse ngata motšehare.
Tšusumetso ea tlamolebone la sethuthuthu tšebeliso Singapore ho tloha ka November 1995 e ile ea hlahlojoa ke Yuan [46].Ha hoa ka ha e-ba le phello e kholo ha ho ne ho nkoa likotsi tsohle.Leha ho le joalo, ha likotsi li ne li aroloa ka maemo a fapaneng a boima, ho bile le phello ea bohlokoa bakeng sa linyeoe tse mpe tsa likotsi le likotsi tse bolaeang tsa likotsi, empa eseng bakeng sa likotsi tse nyane.Ho ile ha hlahisoa hore phokotseho e kholo ea likotsi tse bolaeang le tse mpe haholo ha li bapisoa le likotsi tse nyane ke ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea mabone a mots'eare a ileng a eketsa mahlo a basebelisi ba tsela ha kotsi e le haufi le ho etsahala, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore ba khone ho senya nako e telele le ho fokotsa lebelo [ 46].Ho ne ho hlakile hore ho fokotseha ha likhohlano tse bolaeang e ne e le bopaki ba 'nete, kaha sekhahla se fokotsehile ho tloha ho karolelano ea selemo le selemo ea 40 ho ea ho 24 feela ka mor'a selemo sa ts'ebetsong ea molao.
Ho thulana ha mots'eare Australia Bophirima haholo-holo mabapi le ponahalo ea sethuthuthu ho tloha 1989 ho isa 1994 e ile ea ithutoa ke Rosman le Ryan [47].Molao oa Moralo oa Australia (ADR 19/01) o qalile ho sebetsa ho tloha ka 1992, moo lithuthuthu tsohle tse ncha li tlamehang ho lokisoa tse nang le mabone a bonesang ha sethuthuthu se sebelisoa.Ho ne ho nahanoa hore ho na le mefuta e mene ea ho thulana: hlooho ho ea holimo, swipe lehlakoreng le fapaneng, lehlakoreng le letona le ka ho sa tobang.Ho fokotseha hanyenyane ho ile ha hlokomeloa likotsing tsa motšehare pakeng tsa likoloi le lithuthuthu;leha ho le joalo, e ne e se ea bohlokoa ka lipalo.Sena se ka bakoa ke boholo bo fokolang ba lithuthuthu tse ncha nakong eohle ea lipatlisiso, le ho phahama ho hoholo ha tšebeliso ea mabone a motšeare ka boithaopo har'a bapalami ba lithuthuthu.
Ka ho sebelisa lintlha tsa NSW tse tsoang ho Australian Road Fatality Database ho tloha 1992 ho ea 1995, tlhahlobo e tšoanang e ile ea etsoa ke Attewell [48].Attewell ha a ka a khetholla pakeng tsa likhohlano tse amanang le conspicuity le tse ling, empa o mpa a bapisa palo ea likhohlano tsa sethuthuthu se le seng le likotsi tsa sethuthuthu se bakileng kotsi kapa lefu bakeng sa bapalami ba lithuthuthu tse ileng tsa etsa hore ho kenngoe ts'ebetsong ea Australian pele kapa ka morao. Molao oa Moqapi (ADR 19/01).Phokotso ea 2% ea karolelano ea likotsi tsa likoloi tsa lithuthuthu bakeng sa likhohlano tsohle tsa maemo a fapaneng a matla li bontšitse hore ADR e na le litlamorao tse 'maloa.Tšusumetso e ne e le kholoanyane bakeng sa likotsi tse bolaeang;Leha ho le joalo, sena e ne e le feela likotsi tse bolaeang tse 16 tse amanang le mochini oa poso oa ADR.E se e le lilemo tse 'maloa hore linaha tse ngata tsa US li qobelle melao ea hore sethuthuthu se sebelise mabone nakong ea motšehare.California e kentse tshebetsong molao o hlokang hore dithuthuthu tsohle di etse bonnete ba hore mabone a ka pele a kganyang ka tlwaelo hang ha enjene e hotetswa ho tloha ka 1972. Ke ka 1978 feela ho latela molao ho ileng ha sebetsa.Liphello tsa tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea mabone pele le ka mor'a ts'ebetsong ea molao oa California e ile ea ithutoa [49].Karo-karolelano e sa tloaelehang bakeng sa batho ba shoang e ile ea khethoa selemo se seng le se seng ho tloha ka 1976 ho ea ho 1981. Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho se na mohlala oa bohlokoa o fumanoeng, oo Muller [49] thutong e 'ngoe a ileng a hlahloba molao oa sethuthuthu DRL California o ne a ntse a tšepisa ho fokotsa palo ea likotsi tsa motšehare.Sephetho se fumane phokotseho e nyane palong ea likotsi tsa likoloi tse ngata.Mabone a likoloi le lithuthuthu tsohle a tlameha ho bonesoa mots'ehare Finland le Sweden.Rumar [50] o entse lipatlisiso tsa tlhahlobo ea DRL naheng ea Sweden.Liphuputso tsa hae li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea mabone a khanyang nakong ea motšehare e ka fokotsa palo ea likotsi.Ho bile le phokotseho ea likotsi tse ngata tsa likoloi nakong ea motšehare ka 32% le 4% bosiu.Boithuto bona bo amme phetoho ea molao Sweden le linaheng tse ling tse ngata.
E ipapisitse le lithuto tse peli tsa Malaysia ho sekaseka pele tšusumetso ea nako e khuts'oane ea lithuthuthu tsa DRL, Radin Umar et al., [51] o fumane ho theoha ho hoholo ha likotsi tsa lithuthuthu tse ngata.Ho feta moo, libakeng tse tšoanang tsa lifofane ho ile ha hlahlojoa likotsi tse amanang le lithuthuthu har'a lithuthuthu [51].Radin ea mohlala o ile a bontša hore sethuthuthu DRL khona ho fokotsa ho thulana sethuthuthu ka hoo e ka bang 29%.
Mefuta ea litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video bakeng sa litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Puisano
Bakhanni ba lithuthuthu ba kotsing ea ho hlaheloa ke likotsi.Ka lebaka la ho hloka tšireletso, likotsi tsa lithuthuthu li baka likotsi tse mpe hang ha ho thulana ho etsahala.Ho phaella moo, kaha bahlaseluoa ba bangata ke bacha, hangata likotsi tsena li baka palo e phahameng ea batho ba shoang le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa moruo ho ba lemetseng hampe.Ke ka lebaka lena ho fokotseha ho leka-lekaneng ha palo ea likotsi ho tla fana ka melemo e mengata ho batho ba ka bang mahlatsipa le boiketlo ba moruo oa sechaba bakeng sa sechaba.
Kotsi e phahameng ea ho thulana ka makhetlo a mangata ka sethuthuthu e lula e amahanngoa le boemo bo tlase ba ponahalo ea sethuthuthu.Ka hona, ho na le bohlokoa bo boholo ho buisana ka taba e amanang le conspicuity ho sechaba sa bapalami ba lithuthuthu ho khothaletsa bakhanni ba likoloi ho falimehela lithuthuthu tse tlang.Ho fetola mabone a lithuthuthu ho tla tiisa hore e tla ba e fapaneng le e ka morao, le hoja boemo ba leseli bo le tlaase.Sena se tla ntlafatsa monyetla oa ho lemoha ho itšetlehile ka thepa ea tsamaiso ea pono, 'me e tla tšoarella e le thuso ea ponahalo ha nako e ntse e ea.Ho ea ka khopolo, DRL ke mokhoa oa ho lefella tebello e tlase le boleng bo tlase ba sepheo.Li-DRL li tla fana ka phapang e matla eo li e bonoang ka morao.
Tlhahlobo ena e akaretsa hore li-DRL tsa lithuthuthu li sebetsa hantle ho fokotsa likotsi tsa lithuthuthu.Leha ho le joalo, ho hanyetsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong li-DRL tsa lithuthuthu linaheng tse tsoelang pele le tse tsoetseng pele ho ntse ho etsahala ho sa tsotellehe katleho ea bona e pakiloeng.Tlhahlobo ena e boetse e bontša hore lithuthuthu tsa DRL ha li eketse ponahalo ea lithuthuthu feela, empa hape li fana ka litlamorao tse ntle nakong ea karabelo ea bakhanni ba bang.Ka hona, Austria, Jeremane, Belgium, Fora, Portugal le linaheng tse ling tse 'maloa, hoa hlokahala ho khantša mabone a lithuthuthu motšehare.Ka lebaka la litlamorao tse ntle mabapi le ho eketseha ha ponahalo ea basebelisi ba litsela, DRL e tlamehile ho bakhanni ba likoloi le linaheng tse ling.Tlhahlobo ena ke pokello ea bopaki bo teng hona joale ba hore sethuthuthu DRL se ka thibela likotsi tsa lithuthuthu.Tekolo e ka tšeptjoang mabapi le katleho ea sethuthuthu sa DRL e tla thusa lipatlisisong tsa polokeho ea mebileng, haholo-holo mabapi le monyetla oa litšenyehelo tsa ho beha melao le ts'ebetso ea DRL linaheng tseo ho tsona ho shoang batho ka lithuthuthu ho phahameng.Pampiri ena e fihletse qeto ea hore lithuthuthu tsa DRL li khona ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho thulana ka 4 ho isa ho 20%.Tlhahlobo e boetse e tšehetsa taba ea hore li-DRL tsa lithuthuthu li tlameha ho khothaletsoa lefatšeng ka bophara ho matlafatsa polokeho ea bapalami ba tsona.
Khohlano ea thahasello: Ha ho e phatlalalitsoeng.
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Mefuta ea litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
video bakeng sa litšupiso tsa hau:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Lingoliloeng tse tsoang Bulletin eaBoemo ba tshohanyetso& Trauma li fanoe mona ka thuso ea Trauma Research Center ea Shiraz University ofSaense ea Bongaka