I-Bulletproof Vest yeNdlela yoPhuhliso
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokukhusela umntu, i-Bulletproof vest iye yafumana utshintsho olusuka kwizikhuselo zentsimbi ukuya kwii-nonmetallic composites, kunye nokusuka kwizinto ezilula ezenziweyo ukuya kwizinto ezenziweyo kunye neepleyiti zesikrweqe zetsimbi, iipaneli ze-ceramic kunye nenye inkqubo yophuhliso lwenkqubo entsonkothileyo.Iprototype yesikrweqe somntu inokulandelwa kumaxesha amandulo, isizwe sokuqala sokuthintela umzimba wonzakele, sasinomluko wendalo wefiber njengesixhobo sokukhathalela isifuba.Ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo ezinyanzelisa isikrweqe somntu kufuneka kube nenkqubela phambili ehambelanayo.Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, isilika eyayisetyenziswa kwisikrweqe samaxesha aphakathi eJapan yayikwasetyenziswa kwivest yeBulletproof eyenziwe eMelika.
Ngowe-1901, emva kokuba uMongameli uWilliam McKenley ebulewe, iBulletproof vest yabangela ukuba iNkongolo yaseUnited States inikele ingqalelo.Nangona le vest yeBulletproof inokuthintela iimbumbulu zepistol ezinesantya esisezantsi (isantya se-122 m / s), kodwa ayikwazi ukuthintela iimbumbulu zompu.Ke, kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, kuye kwakho ilaphu lefiber yendalo yengubo yokwaleka, kunye nentsimbi eyenziwe ngesikrweqe somzimba.Impahla yesilika eshinyeneyo yayiyeyona nto iphambili yesikrweqe somzimba.Noko ke, isilika emiseleni metamorphic ngokukhawuleza, esi siphene amandla bulletproof limited kunye nexabiso eliphezulu isilika, ukuze okokuqala kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I wabandezeleka yi-US Ordnance iSebe ukubanda, hayi jikelele.
KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ukufa kwee-shrapnel kwanda nge-80%, ngelixa i-70% yabalimele yafa ngenxa yokulimala kwe-trunk.Amazwe awayenenxaxheba, ingakumbi iBritani neUnited States aqalisa ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze enze izixhobo zokuzikhusela.Ngo-1942 ka-Okthobha, iBhritane yaqala yaphuhliswa yipleyiti yentsimbi yemanganese ephezulu eyenziwe ngevest engangenwa bulletproof.Ngo-1943, ulingo lwase-United States kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokusesikweni kwezixhobo zomzimba kukho iindidi ezingama-23.Eli xesha lesikrweqe somzimba ukuya kwintsimbi ekhethekileyo njengeyona nto iphambili yembumbulu.NgoJuni 1945, umkhosi wase-US uphuhlise ngempumelelo i-aluminium alloy kunye ne-high-amandla yokudibanisa inayiloni ye-bulletproof vest, imodeli ye-M12 ye-infantry Bulletproof vest.Inayiloni 66 (igama lenzululwazi i-polyamide 66 ifayibha) yayiyintsinga eyenziweyo eyafunyanwa ngelo xesha, kwaye amandla ayo okuqhawula (gf / d: igram / denier) yayiyi-5.9 ukuya ku-9.5, kwaye imodyuli yokuqala (gf / d) yayingama-21 ukuya ku-58, Ubunzima obuthile be-1.14 g / (cm) 3, amandla ayo aphantse aphindwe kabini ifayibha yomqhaphu.KwiMfazwe yaseKorea, uMkhosi wase-US wawuxhotyiswe nge-T52 epheleleyo yesikrweqe somzimba weNylon esenziwe ngenayiloni ye-12-layer bulletproof, ngelixa i-Marine Corps yayixhotyiswe nge-M1951 enzima "i-multi-long" ye-FRP ye-bulletproof vest enobunzima be-2.7 ukuya kwi-3.6 kg phakathi.Inayiloni njengento ekrwada yesikrweqe somzimba inokubonelela ngenqanaba elithile lokhuseleko kumajoni, kodwa inkulu, ubunzima bufikelela kwi-6 kg.
Ekuqaleni kwe-1970, i-high-high-high, i-ultra-high modulus, i-fiber synthetic fiber ephezulu - i-Kevlar (Kevlar) yi-United States DuPont (DuPont) yaphuhliswa, kwaye kungekudala kwintsimi ye-bulletproof isetyenziswe.Ukuvela kolu cwecwe oluphezulu kwenza ukuba i-laphu elithambileyo-ubungqina bempahla yokusebenza iphuculwe kakhulu, kodwa kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwe-Bulletproof vest.Umkhosi wase-US ukhokele ekusebenziseni imveliso ye-Kevlar yesikrweqe somzimba, kwaye waphuhlisa ubunzima beemodeli ezimbini.Isikrweqe esitsha somzimba kwilaphu lefayibha yeKevlar njengeyona nto iphambili kwilaphu lenayiloni elingenambumbulu kwimvulophu.Esinye isikrweqe somzimba esilula sinemigangatho emithandathu yelaphu leKevlar, ubunzima obuphakathi kwe-3.83 kg.Ngokurhweba kweKevlar, ukusebenza kakuhle kukaKevlar kuyenze yafumaneka ngokubanzi kwizikrweqe zomkhosi.Impumelelo ye-Kevlar kunye nokuvela okulandelayo kwe-Twaron, i-Spectra kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwisikrweqe somzimba kuye kwakhokelela ekwandeni kokuxhaphaka kwe-software bullet-proof vests ephawulwe yi-high-performance textile fibers, enomda ongaphelelanga kwicandelo loMkhosi, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yandisiwe. kumapolisa nezopolitiko.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimbumbulu zesantya esiphezulu, ngakumbi iimbumbulu ezidubulayo, isikrweqe somzimba esithambileyo asikafaneli.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abantu baphuhlise isikrweqe somzimba esithambileyo nesiqinileyo, imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo yefiber njengephaneli eqinisiweyo okanye ibhodi, ukuze kuphuculwe isakhono sokukhusela iimbumbulu zomzimba.Isishwankathelo, ukuphuhliswa kwezikrweqe zomzimba zanamhlanje kuye kwavela izizukulwana ezithathu: isizukulwana sokuqala se-hardware-proof-proof vests, ngokukodwa ngentsimbi ekhethekileyo, i-aluminium kunye nezinye isinyithi kwizinto ezinobungqina bembumbulu.Olu hlobo lwesikrweqe somzimba lubonakaliswe: iimpahla ezinzima, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-20 kg, ukunxiba ukungonwabi, izithintelo ezinkulu kwimisebenzi yabantu, kunye nomgangatho othile wokusebenza kwembumbulu, kodwa kulula ukuvelisa iziqwenga zesibini.
Isizukulwana sesibini sesikrweqe somzimba wesixhobo somzimba wesoftware, ngokuqhelekileyo ngumaleko amaninzi eKevlar kunye nelinye ilaphu eliphezulu elisebenza ngefiber.Ubunzima bayo obulula, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela i-2 ukuya kwi-3 kg, kwaye ukuthungwa kuthambile ngakumbi, kufanelekile, ukunxiba kukhululekile ngakumbi, ukugqoka ukufihla okungcono, ngakumbi kumapolisa kunye nabasebenzi bezokhuseleko okanye amalungu ezopolitiko asetyenziswa imihla ngemihla.Kwisakhono sobungqina bembumbulu, i-general inokuthintela i-5 yeemitha kude ne-pistol shot bullets, ayiyi kuvelisa i-shrapnel yesibini, kodwa i-bullet ibethe i-deformation enkulu, inokubangela ukwenzakala okuthile okungangeni.Kwakhona kwimipu okanye iimbumbulu zoomatshini ezidubula iimbumbulu, ubunzima obuqhelekileyo besikrweqe somzimba esithambileyo kunzima ukuxhathisa.Isizukulwana sesithathu sesikrweqe somzimba sisikrweqe somzimba esihlanganisiweyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo nge-ceramic ekhanyayo njengomaleko wangaphandle, i-Kevlar kunye nelinye ilaphu lefiber esebenza kakhulu njengomaleko wangaphakathi, lolona lwalathiso luphambili lwesikrweqe somzimba.