I-Bulletproof Vest Of Development Path
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuzivikela, i-Bulletproof vest ihlangabezane noshintsho olusuka ezivikelweni zempi zensimbi ukuya ezinhlanganisela ezingezona ezensimbi, futhi lisuka ezintweni zokwenziwa ezilula ukuya ezintweni zokwenziwa kanye namapuleti ezikhali zensimbi, amaphaneli e-ceramic kanye nenye inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi.I-prototype yezikhali zomuntu zingalandelelwa emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, isizwe sokuqala ukuvimbela umzimba sasilinyazwa, sasine-fiber braid yemvelo njengempahla yokunakekela isifuba.Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali eziphoqa izikhali zomuntu kumele kube nenqubekelaphambili ehambisanayo.Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, usilika owawusetshenziswa ezikhalini zenkathi ephakathi eJapane wawusetshenziswa nase-American Bulletproof vest.
Ngo-1901, ngemva kokubulawa kukaMongameli uWilliam McKenley, i-Bulletproof vest yabangela ukunaka kwe-US Congress.Nakuba lesi sigqoko seBulletproof singavimbela izinhlamvu zesibhamu esinejubane eliphansi (isivinini esingu-122 m/s), kodwa asikwazi ukuvimbela izinhlamvu zezibhamu.Ngakho-ke, eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, kuye kwaba nendwangu ye-fiber yemvelo yokugqoka izingubo, kanye nensimbi eyenziwe ngezikhali zomzimba.Izingubo zikasilika eziwugqinsi zaziyingxenye eyinhloko yezivikelo zomzimba.Nokho, usilika emiseleni metamorphic ngokushesha, lokhu isici nge umthamo elinganiselwe bulletproof kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kasilika, kangangokuthi okokuqala eMpini Yezwe I wahlushwa US Ordnance uMnyango amakhaza, hhayi jikelele.
EMpini Yezwe Yesibili, ukubulawa kwe-shrapnel kukhuphuke ngo-80%, kuyilapho u-70% wabalimele efa ngenxa yokulimala kwesiqu.Amazwe ayebambe iqhaza, ikakhulukazi iBrithani ne-United States aqala ukuzikhandla ukuze enze izivikelo zomzimba.Ngo-Okthoba 1942, abaseBrithani baqala ukusungulwa yipuleti lensimbi le-manganese eliphakeme elenziwe nge-bulletproof vest.Ngo-1943, ukuhlolwa kwe-United States kanye nokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwezikhali zomzimba kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-23.Lesi sikhathi sezivikelo zomzimba kuya ensimbi ekhethekile njengento eyinhloko engangenwa izinhlamvu.Ngo-June 1945, amasosha ase-US athuthukisa ngempumelelo ingxubevange ye-aluminium kanye nenhlanganisela yenayiloni enamandla amakhulu ye-bulletproof vest, imodeli ye-M12 infantry Bulletproof vest.Inayiloni 66 (igama lesayensi i-polyamide 66 fibre) kwakuyifayibha yokwenziwa eyatholwa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi amandla ayo okuphuka (gf / d: gram/denier) ayengu-5.9 kuya ku-9.5, kanti imodulus yokuqala (gf / d) yayingama-21 kuya ku-58, Amandla adonsela phansi athile angu-1.14 g / (cm) 3, amandla ayo cishe aphindwe kabili kune-cotton fiber.EMpini YaseKorea, Ibutho Lezempi Lase-US lalihlome ngesambatho sokuzivikela se-T52 esigcwele seNyiloni esenziwe ngenayiloni enezingqimba eziyi-12, kuyilapho iMarine Corps ihlome ngevest yezinhlamvu ze-M1951 "multi-long" ye-FRP enesisindo esingu-2.7 kuya ku-3.6 kg phakathi.Inayiloni njengempahla eluhlaza yezivikelo zomzimba inganikeza izinga elithile lokuvikela amasosha, kodwa elikhulu, isisindo sifinyelela ku-6 kg.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, i-high-high-high, i-ultra-high modulus, ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-synthetic fiber - i-Kevlar (Kevlar) yi-United States DuPont (DuPont) yathuthukiswa, futhi ngokushesha emkhakheni we-bulletproof isetshenziswe.Ukuvela kwale fibre esebenza kahle kakhulu kwenza indwangu ethambile evikela inhlamvu ukusebenza kube ngcono kakhulu, kodwa futhi ngezinga elikhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-Bulletproof vest.Amasosha ase-US ahole ekusetshenzisweni kokukhiqizwa kwezikhali ze-Kevlar, futhi athuthukisa isisindo salezi zinhlobo ezimbili.Isambatho esisha somzimba sendwangu yefayibha ye-Kevlar njengento eyinhloko eya kwindwangu yenayiloni engangenwa izinhlamvu emvilophini.Isambatho sokuzivikela esisodwa esilula siqukethe izingqimba eziyisithupha zendwangu ye-Kevlar, isisindo esimaphakathi esingu-3.83 kg.Ngokudayiswa kwe-Kevlar, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-Kevlar kukwenze kwatholakala kabanzi ngezikhali zempi.Impumelelo ka-Kevlar kanye nokuvela okwalandela kwe-Twaron, i-Spectra kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezikhali zomzimba kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwezingubo zokuvikela izinhlamvu zesoftware ezibonakala ngemicu yendwangu esebenza kahle kakhulu, ububanzi bayo bungagcini emkhakheni wezempi, futhi bunwetshwa kancane kancane. emaphoyiseni nasezindinganisweni zepolitiki.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlamvu zesivinini esikhulu, ikakhulukazi izibhamu ezidubulayo, izikhali zempi ezithambile azikakwazi.Kuze kube manje, abantu benze isivikelo somzimba esithambile nesiqinile esiyinhlanganisela, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zefayibha njengephaneli eqinisiwe noma ibhodi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuvikela inhlamvu yomzimba wonke.Kafushane, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali zomzimba zesimanje kuye kwavela izizukulwane ezintathu: isizukulwane sokuqala se-hardware-proof-proof vests, ikakhulukazi ngensimbi ekhethekile, i-aluminium kanye nezinye izinsimbi zezinto ezivimbela izinhlamvu.Lolu hlobo lwezivikelo zomzimba lubonakala: izingubo ezisindayo, ngokuvamile ezingaba ngu-20 kg, ukugqoka okungakhululekile, imingcele emikhulu emisebenzini yabantu, ngezinga elithile lokusebenza okungenanhlamvu, kodwa kulula ukukhiqiza izingcezu zesibili.
Isizukulwane sesibili sezivikelo zomzimba zezikhali zomzimba zesofthiwe, ngokuvamile nge-Kevlar enezingqimba eziningi kanye nenye indwangu esebenza kahle kakhulu eyenziwe ngefayibha.Isisindo sawo esilula, ngokuvamile singu-2 kuya ku-3 kg kuphela, futhi ukuthungwa kuthambile kakhulu, ukulingana kuhle, ukugqoka kubuye kukhululeke kakhudlwana, ukugqoka okucashile okungcono, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi bamaphoyisa nabezokuphepha noma amalungu ezombusazwe okusetshenziswa kokugqoka kwansuku zonke.Emandleni okuvikela inhlamvu, ujenene angavimbela amamitha angu-5 kude nezinhlamvu zesibhamu, ngeke akhiqize ama-shrapnel esibili, kodwa inhlamvu ishaye ukwakheka okukhulu, ingabangela ukulimala okungangeni.Futhi ngezibhamu noma izibhamu zemishini ezidubula izinhlamvu, ukushuba okuvamile kwezivikelo zomzimba ezithambile kunzima ukumelana nazo.Isizukulwane sesithathu sezikhali zempi iyinhlanganisela yezikhali zomzimba.Imvamisa ene-ceramic ekhanyayo njengongqimba lwangaphandle, i-Kevlar nezinye indwangu yefayibha esebenza kahle njengesendlalelo sangaphakathi, iyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwezivikelo zomzimba.