Ubuchwepheshe Bezokuvikela——Ucwaningo Lokuhlola Lwamakhono Okuvikela Inhlamvu Ka-Kevlar, Wesisindo Esihlukile Kanye Nenombolo Yezendlalelo, Ngama-Projectiles angu-9 Mm

2.1.Ijeli ye-Ballistic

Ijeli ye-ballistic yenziwe nge-gelatin engathandeki.Ukuminyana nokuvumelana kwejeli kufanele kufane naleyo esetshenziswa yi-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvumelana okufanayo, imiyalelo enikezwe ku-Ref.[30] yalandelwa futhi iye yahlolwa ngokumelene namazinga achazwe kuNqubo.[31].

Izinkomishi eziyisi-8 (250 ml) zempushana ye-gelatin engavuthwanga (cishe u-1.25 kg) ixutshwe namalitha angu-8 wamanzi (ingxenye eyodwa ye-gelatin kuzo zonke izingxenye ezi-4 zamanzi) kuze kube yilapho yonke impushana iyancibilika.Ngemuva kokuthi isisombululo sithululelwe ezitsheni (iziqukathi ezingu-2 × 5 L ezisetshenziselwa ingxube engenhla), amaconsi angu-5 wamafutha abalulekile (amafutha abalulekile amaqabunga esinamoni) athululelwa phezu kwesisombululo futhi agxiliswe ngobumnene kuwo.Isizathu samafutha abalulekile ukuvumela ama-bubbles esixazululweni ukuba ahlakazeke, futhi anikeze ijeli ye-ballistic iphunga elithuthukisiwe.Isixazululo sibekwe ezitsheni ezibekwe efrijini.Ijeli ye-ballistic yayisilungele ukusetshenziswa emahoreni angama-36 ngemva kokwenziwa bese igoqwa ngokugoqwa kwe-cellophane.Ividiyo ebonisa imininingwane yokwenza ijeli ye-ballistic iyatholakala kuyohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nLWqJauFEw.

Ukuminyana kwejeli ye-ballistic kubalwe njengo-996 km/m3(99.6% wokuminyana kwamanzi).Isilinganiso sokuminyana kwegazi lomuntu, amafutha kanye nemisipha [32], okuwukungaguquguquki kwenyama yomuntu, ingu-1004 kg/m3.Umehluko ongu-0.8% wokuminyana uthathwa njengowamukelekile ukuze ijeli ye-ballistic iphindaphinde inyama yomzimba womuntu.

2.2.I-Kevlar amasampula

Izisindo ezintathu zendwangu ye-Kevlar zisetshenziswe ekuhlolweni, okuyi-160 GSM, 200 GSM kanye ne-400 GSM.Njengoba i-Kevlar ingasetshenziswa njengendwangu elukiweyo, amandla aphezulu kakhulu ezinto ezibonakalayo angasetshenziswa ku-0-90 orientation.Amasampuli apakishwe ngomumo ongu-−45/+45 (quasi-isotropic) omunca amandla engeziwe uma unomthelela kunokuma kwe-0–90 okustakiwe komunye nomunye [33].Amasampula asetshenziswe ekuhlolweni enziwe ngokuphindaphinda kwezendlalelo ezingu-3 lapho isampula ngayinye yafakwa ngokulandelana kwe-90/±45/90.Lapho amasampula amabili noma amathathu ebekwa phezu komunye nomunye, kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi ungqimba lokugcina lwesampula eyodwa lubekwe ku-45° kuya kwesendlalelo esilandelayo sesampula esilandelayo.

Amashidi e-Kevlar ahlukaniswa futhi asikwa abe amashidi osayizi we-A4 ukuwalungiselela ukuthi ahlanganiswe kusetshenziswa i-epoxy resin ne-hardener enconyiwe.Amasampuli ayekwa ukuze ome.Amasampula asikwa ngemva kokuba i-resin isimisiwe futhi iboshelwa komunye nomunye futhi abekwa endaweni ukuze ukuhlolwa kwenziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ballistic kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zezinhlamvu, okuyijakhethi yensimbi egcwele (FMJ) kanye nendawo engenalutho enejakhethi (JHP) yezinga le-9 mm Parabellum (P noma i-Para ngamafuphi).Indlela esetshenziselwa ukuhlola amasampula ichazwa ngokulandelayo:

• 1)

• I-chronograph yesibhamu yamiswa ukuze kukalwe isivinini sezinhlamvu.I-chronograph ibekwe amamitha angu-2 ukusuka emlonyeni wezibhamu ukuvimbela ilangabi lesifinyila ukunikeza ukufunda okungalungile.

• 2)

• Ukuhlolwa kwesisekelo kwenziwa ukuze kutholwe isivinini sechashazi ngokuqondile kujeli ye-ballistic.I-kinetic energy equation
  E=(1/2)mv2

  yayisetshenziselwa ukunquma amandla kanye nebanga lokungena kujeli ye-ballistic.

• 3)

• II-Kevlaramasampula abe esebekwa phambi kwejeli ye-ballistic futhi lokhu kwabekwa i-1 m kude ne-chronograph.Isizathu sebanga elingu-1 m ukuphindaphinda isimo esibi kakhulu lapho umuntu noma into idutshulwa kude.

• 4)

• Isampuli idutshulwe nge-projectile idlula ku-chronograph ukuze kutholwe isivinini sayo sokuqala.Ngemuva kwalokhu, isampula ingena futhi i-projectile ifakwe kujeli ye-ballistic.Isivinini sokuhlolwa sisetshenziswe ukuthola iisivinini esimaphakathiukufunda okusetshenziswe ukubuyekeza amanani esinyathelweni sesi-2.

• 5)

• Ibanga lokungena kujeli ye-ballistic likalwa futhi larekhodwa.

• 6)

• Isinyathelo sesi-2 saphindwa ngohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa ekuhlolweni.Isinyathelo sesi-3 ukuya kusinyathelo sesi-5 siphindiwe kusampula ngayinye ye-Kevlar.Ukuhlolwa okunezinhlamvu ezithile kuye kwaphindwa uma i-projectile ingazange ihambe iqonde ngaphakathi kwejeli ye-ballistic, noma uma ingene kusampula ye-Kevlar endaweni ebibhekwa njengengaphilile ngokwesakhiwo.

Ngamasampuli angu-3 wezingqimba, ama-9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles ahambe kancane uma kuqhathaniswa necala elingenayo i-Kevlar.I-hollow point projectiles ihambe kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa necala le-no Kevlar.I-9 mm Parabellum projectile (inombolo 4) ayizange ibole kakhulu, kodwa ibhantshi lethusi laqala ukuklebhula i-projectile.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngezingqimba eziyisi-6 ze-160 GSM Kevlar kubonise ukuthi i-9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles yaqhubekela phambili uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kokungena kwe-Kevlar okune-projectile number 4 ehamba cishe ngebanga elifanayo nalelo le-FMJ projectile.

Ngezendlalelo ezingu-9 ze-160 GSM Kevlar, amabanga ahambisanayo ahanjwe ama-projectiles kujeli abonise ukuthi izinombolo ze-projectile 1, 3 kanye no-4 zaqhubekela phambili ngemuva kokudlula izingqimba ezingu-9 ze-160 GSM Kevlar, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrojekthi adutshulwe ku-ballistic. ijeli (akukho Kevlar).

Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngezendlalelo ezingu-12 ze-160 GSM Kevlar kubonisa ukuthi wonke ama-projectile abonisa inkambiso enciphayo yokujula kokungena uma kuqhathaniswa nezendlalelo ezingu-9.

Njengoba kubonakala kuUmdwebo 3, ukujula kokungena kwama-projectile kuyashintshashintsha ngokujula njengoba inani lezendlalelo likhula, nokho ukwehla kubonwa kusuka ku-9 kuya kwezingu-12 kuzo zonke izimo.Kwaqashelwa ukuthi ama-projectiles angenalutho angena ezendlalelo ze-Kevlar futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza indawo engenalutho yayivinjwe ngezinto ze-Kevlar.Uma lawa ma-projectiles angenalutho afinyelela kujeli ye-ballistic, enza ngendlela efanayo ne-FMJ projectile.Ngenxa yesizathu esishiwo ngenhla ngamasampula e-Kevlar asetshenzisiwe, ama-projectiles angena ngokuqhubekayo kujeli ye-ballistic uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngaphandle kwe-Kevlar.Kanye kuphela izendlalelo ezanele ze-Kevlar zingene ukuze zimunce amandla anele, lapho i-projectile yabonisa izici zokuncipha kokungena kujeli ye-ballistic.Lesi sici sabonwa kwezinye izivivinyo, ngezisindo ezihlukene ze-Kevlar njengoba zethulwe kuleli phepha.

3.4.200 GSMI-Kevlar

Ukuhlolwa kwe-GSM Kevlar okungu-200 kwenziwa ngamasampula ezindlalelo ezi-3, 6, 9, 12 nezingu-15.Njengoba i-200 GSM Kevlar ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amavesti angangenwa izinhlamvu, kwanqunywa ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo ngezendlalelo eziyi-15.Imiphumela yokungena kujeli ye-ballistic ikhonjiswe kuUmdwebo 4.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngezingqimba ezi-3 ze-200 GSM Kevlar kubonisa ukuthi i-9 mm Parabellum FMJ projectiles idlule kujeli ye-ballistic futhi amabanga abawahambile uma eqhathaniswa necala elingekho i-Kevlar awazange ancishiswe.I-9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles yaphuma njengoba bekulindelekile, futhi i-9 mm Parabellum projectile number 4 yayifake ijakhethi yethusi kujeli ye-ballistic, nokho i-lead projectile yaqhubeka futhi yema njengoba kurekhodiwe.Umdwebo 4.

Ngezendlalelo eziyisi-6 ze-200 GSM Kevlar, kubonwe ukuthi ibanga lokungena le-projectile 1 kujeli ye-ballistic lehlile ngenkathi ama-projectile 2, 3 kanye no-4 aqhubekela phambili kujeli ye-ballistic uma kuqhathaniswa necala le-no Kevlar.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngezendlalelo ezingu-9 ze-200 GSM Kevlar kubonisa ukuthi i-projectile number 2 yahamba phambili kujeli ye-ballistic uma kuqhathaniswa necala elingekho i-Kevlar.Kwaqashelwa ukuthi i-projectiles 3 kanye ne-4 yayivimbe i-Kevlar endaweni eyimbobo okwakuyivimbele ukuthi ingaqhume.Ama-Projectiles 3 kanye no-4 aqhubekele phambili ejeli ye-ballistic ngemva kokungena izendlalelo ezingu-9 ze-200 GSM Kevlar uma kuqhathaniswa nekesi le-no Kevlar.

Ngokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngezingqimba eziyi-12 ze-200 GSM Kevlar, kubonwe ukuthi ama-projectiles angu-9 mm Parabellum FMJ, inombolo 1 no-2, ayenekhanda elithambile ngemva kokungena.I-Projectile number 4, nakuba yayingaxubene kakhulu nephuzu elingenalutho elivinjwe u-Kevlar, yacabangwa kakhulu ekhanda.Inombolo ye-Projectile 3 ayizange ikhule kakhulu, kodwa kwakukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ichopho lekhanda lalikhubazekile.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngezingqimba eziyi-15 ze-200 GSM Kevlar, kwakunawo womabili ama-projectile e-FMJ abonisa izimpawu zokuquleka.Izinombolo ze-Projectile 1 kanye no-2 zibonisa ukwehla kokushona kokungena kujeli ye-ballistic uma kuqhathaniswa necala elingenalo i-Kevlar.Kulesi simo, ama-projectiles 3 no-4 amiswe izendlalelo ze-Kevlar.

Njengoba kubonakala kuUmdwebo 4, lapho izilinganiso eziphakathi kwamaphoyinti zicatshangelwa, kubonakala sengathi kubonisa ukuthambekela komugqa okunciphayo kokungena kujeli ye-ballistic ezokwenzeka, uma isiqongo esicishe sibe yizingqimba ezingu-6 ze-200 GSM Kevlar sesifinyelelwe.I-200 GSM Kevlar ibonisa ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-160 GSM Kevlar, njengoba kulindelekile.Ezingqimbeni ezingu-15 ze-200 GSM Kevlar, ama-projectiles angu-3 no-4 amisiwe, kodwa hhayi ama-projectiles inombolo 1 no-2. Ngokulandela i-gradient emaphakathi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-projectiles inombolo 1 no-2 azomiswa kusetshenziswa izingqimba okungenzeka ze-18 nezingu-21 ze 200 GSM Kevlar, ngokulandelana.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-GSM Kevlar okungu-400 kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amasampula ezendlalelo ezi-3, 6, 9 nezingu-12, njengoba kuboniswe imiphumela ekhonjiswe ku-Umdwebo 5.

4. Ukuhlaziywa nokuxoxisana ngemiphumela

Umdwebo 6ikhombisa ukuqhathanisa ukujula kokungena kwamaprojectile ahlukene abe yizingqimba ezi-3 ze-160 GSM, 200 GSM kanye ne-400 GSM Kevlar.Njengoba kubonakala kuUmdwebo 6, nge-9 mm Parabellum hollow point projectiles, izendlalelo ezi-3 ze-200 GSM Kevlar zimise ama-projectiles ebangeni elifushane kakhulu.Izendlalelo ezi-3 ze-400 GSM kanye ne-160 GSM Kevlar zimise ama-projectiles 1 no-2 kakhulu, ngokulandelanayo.

Umdwebo 7,Umdwebo 9bonisa ukuthi azikho izici ezifanayo ezinama-projectiles ahlukene izinombolo ezimbili ezihlukene zezendlalelo ze-GSM efanayo.Isibonelo izendlalelo ezingu-12 ze-GSM Kevlar ezingu-200 nezingu-6 ze-400 GSM Kevlar.Womabili lawa masampuli anesamba esingu-2400 GSM Kevlar ngalinye.Uma kuqhathaniswa lawa masampuli amabili ahlukene, awanciphisi ibanga lama-projectiles ngenani elifanayo.Ukuhlotshaniswa okufanayo neziphetho kungabonwa kusukela kuzendlalelo ezingu-3 ze-400 GSM Kevlar kanye nezendlalelo ezingu-6 ze-200 GSM Kevlar.Ngayinye yalezi zimo inamasampula e-GSM angu-1200, kodwa ayinazo izici ezifanayo emiphumeleni.

Amajika amaphakathi we-projectiles 1 no-2, aboniswe kuUmdwebo 4, bonisa ukuthi ama-projectile azoma ngokuphindaphinda okungu-6 no-7 kwezingqimba ezingu-3 ze-200 GSM Kevlar, ngokulandelana (okungukuthi izendlalelo ezingu-18 nezingu-21 ze-200 GSM Kevlar).Kunomkhuba wokuthi cishe kabili inani lezendlalelo ze-Kevlar ezidingekayo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Kevlar eyonakele ngempela ukuze kumiswe ama-projectiles.Ngezendlalelo ezingu-18 nezingu-21 ze-200 GSM Kevlar, kuzoholela ekutheni ama-projectiles 1 no-2 ame cishe ezendlalelo ezingu-9 nezingu-10 ze-Kevlar.Le nombolo yezendlalelo ihambisana nenani lezendlalelo ze-Kevlar ezitholakala ngokuthengiswa kwe-Kevlar-only bullet proof vests.

Ezinye izinto zereferensi yakho:

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-vip-police-concealable-light-weight.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/high-quality-military-use-tactical-armor.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/military-ballistic-nij-iiia-pe-or-kevlar.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/bullet-proof-vest/bulletproof-vest-fdy3r-sk15.html

Amavidiyo ereferensi yakho:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zc-HYAXSaqs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtBaebU7CTw

5. Iziphetho

Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-160 GSM, 200 GSM kanye ne-400 GSMI-Kevlarngaphansi komthelela we-ballistic kwenziwe ngezivivinyo ze-ballistic ezenziwe ngezinhlamvu ze-Parabellum ezingu-9 mm kanye nenani elihlukile lezendlalelo ze-Kevlar.Kwaqashelwa ukuthi izingqimba ezimbalwa ze-Kevlar azisebenzi kahle ekumiseni ama-projectiles, kodwa kunalokho ziphoqa ama-projectiles ukuthi ahambe aye phambili kujeli ye-ballistic.Kuphela uma inani lezendlalelo lenyukile, ukwehla kokungena kwe-projectile kujeli ye-ballistic kwabonwa.Isizathu salokhu kuqothuka kokungena, ikakhulukazi ngama-projectiles angenalutho, kwakungenxa yombobo ogcwele izinto ze-Kevlar nokwenza ukuthi yenze njenge-projectile ye-FMJ.Izilinganiso ezifanayo ezilinganiselwe ezingezinhle ziye zabonwa phakathi kwe-FMJ nama-hollow point projectiles, uma isiqongo sesifinyelelwe.

Ukufingqa iminikelo yaleli phepha, kungaphethwa:

• 1)

• Ukusebenza kahle kwezingqimba ezihlukene ze-160 GSM, 200 GSM kanye namabanga angu-400 GSM e-Kevlar egqinsiwe ngejeli ye-ballistic kwaphenywa, futhi kwatholakala ukuthi i-200 GSM Kevlar yayisebenza kangcono ekumiseni iphrojekthi ye-Parabellum engu-9 mm.

• 2)

• Kutholwe ukuthi abukho ubudlelwano bomugqa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-Kevlar ezinezisindo ezihlukene (ezifana no-200 GSM no-400 GSM Kevlar), ezibekwe ngendlela yokuthi zibe nesisindo esifanayo esihlanganisiwe.

• 3)

• Izinhlobo ezine ezihlukene zezinhlamvu ze-Parabellum ezingu-9 mm zahlolwa, futhi ukujula kwazo kokungena kujeli ye-ballistic kukhonjwe izingqimba ezihlukene ze-Kevlar.

• 4)

• Kwahlolwa ukuthi ngezinhlamvu ezingu-9 mm Parabellum, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, izingqimba ezingu-21 ze-200 GSM Kevlar ziyadingeka okungenani ukuze kumiswe iphrojekthi.Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi, njengesinyathelo sokuphepha, kufakwe isici sokuphepha esengeziwe njengoba ukungena kuncike nakuphrofayili yeprojectile.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni evezwe ngenhla ngezici zezendlalelo ze-Kevlar zesisindo esihlukile, kuthenjwa ukuthi lezi zici zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa nokuklama amavesti aphephile nasebenzayo okuvikela izinhlamvu.

Ukuthambekela okujwayelekile okuphinda kabili inani lezendlalelo ze-Kevlar kuyadingeka uma kuqhathaniswa nenani langempela lezendlalelo ezilimele, kungabaluleka ukuhlola ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngezinhlamvu ezahlukene.Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo luzokwazi futhi ukukhombisa umphumela wokungena ama-projectiles amancane nezinhlamvu ezinawo ku-Kevlar uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo yezinhlamvu ze-Para 9 mm.Ngokufanayo, ucwaningo lwangomuso luzokwazi ukuhlonza ukuthi izinhlamvu nama-projectiles ahlukene angena kanjani ku-200 GSM Kevlar njenge-Kevlar esetshenziswa kuphela kumavesti angangenwa izinhlamvu.Ngezici ezibonwe ngama-projectiles angenalutho angena ajule kujeli ye-ballistic, ngemuva kokuthi indawo engenalutho ivinjwe nge-Kevlar, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo luzovumela ukuhlonza ukuthi ingabe umphumela ofanayo wawungaba khona esimweni lapho i-projectile ingene engutsheni, ngaphambi kokungena enyameni. .

Ukubonga

Ucwaningo luxhaswe kancane ngabakwaI-National Research Foundation.Izinkampani nabantu abalandelayo baziswa ngosizo lwabo, isiqondiso, nokusebenzisa izinsiza zabo, ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu: u-Borrie Bornman, u-John Evans, Isikhungo Sokuhlola Nokuqeqeshwa Kokukwazi Kwesibhamu (+27 39 315 0379;fcatc1@webafrica.org.za), Henns Arms (Umdayisi Wezibhamu kanye Nomkhandi Wezibhamu;www.hennsarms.co.za;info@hennsarms.co.za), River Valley Farm & Nature Reserve (+27 82 694 2258;https://www.rivervalleynaturereserve.co.za/;info@jollyfresh.co.za), uMarc Lee, uDavid noNatasha Robert, Simms Arms (+27 39 315 6390;https://www.simmsarms.co.za;simmscraig@msn.com), Southern Sky Operations (+27 31 579 4141;www.skyops.co.za;mike@skyops.co.za), uLouis noLeonie Stopforth.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibono yababhali kuleli phepha akuyona neze imibono yezinkampani, izinhlangano kanye nabantu ababalulwe ngenhla.Ababhali abatholanga nzuzo yemali ngokuhlolwa okwenziwe.