Indima Yezibani Zokugijima Izithuthuthu Ekwehliseni Ukuphahlazeka Kwezithuthuthu Emini;Ukubuyekezwa Kwezincwadi Zamanje
Iqhaza likaIsithuthuthuUkugijimaIzibaniEkunciphiseniUkuphahlazeka Kwezithuthuthungesikhathi sasemini;Ukubuyekezwa Kwezincwadi Zamanje
Amamodeli wereferensi yakho:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
ividiyo yereferensi yakho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Abstract
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuthutha,ukugibela isithuthuthuuthambekele ezingozini.Abashayeli bezithuthuthu basengozini enkulu yokulimala ngokomzimba kunabashayeli bezimoto.Izingozi eziningi zezithuthuthu zezimoto eziningi zenzeka, kukhona ukwephulwa kwelungelo lendlela okwenzeka lapho okunyeimotoijika phambi kwesithuthuthu, noma isiphambano esizumayo sendlela yesithuthuthu esizayo.Isici esisodwa esiyinhloko esiholela ezingeni eliphezulu leukuphahlazeka kwesithuthuthuukuntula obalaizithuthuthungabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuhamba kwasemini.Leli phepha ligqamisa izifundo zangaphambilini zokusetshenziswa kwezithuthuthu ze-DRL, ezigxile ekusebenzeni kahle kwama-DRLngcono isithuthuthu conspicuity.Leli phepha libuyekeza umthelela we-DRL ngabashayeli bezithuthuthu ekuphahlazekeni kwezithuthuthu zezimoto eziningi.Izigaba ezintathu zemiphumela yeisithuthuthuAma-DRL abuyekezwa.Zonke izincwadi, ezisekela ukuthi izibani ezihamba phambili phakathi nesikhathi sasemini zibonakala ziyindlela enethonya nephumelelayo yokunciphisa izinga lokushayisanaukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwesithuthuthukuthrafikhi.I-DRLs yesithuthuthu ikwazile ukunciphisa cishe u-4 kuya ku-20% wengozi yokuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu.Leli phepha lincoma nokuthiisithuthuthu DRLskumele isetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi emazweni anezingozi zezithuthuthu eziphezulu ukuzengcono ukuphepha kwabagibelikanye nabagibeli bawo.
Amagama Abalulekile: Ukuvimbela ukulimala,Izingozi zomgwaqo, ukukhanya emini, ukuphepha kwabagibeli, ukuphahlazeka kwesithuthuthu
Amamodeli wereferensi yakho:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
ividiyo yereferensi yakho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Isingeniso
Izithuthuthu ziyindlela yokuthutha engathandeki, kodwa inezinga eliphezulu lezingozi ezibulalayo emazweni athuthukile nasathuthuka [1,2].U-Rolison et al., [3] ubike ukuthi izinga lokufa nokulimala phakathi kwabashayeli bezithuthuthu kanye nabagibeli babo be-pillion liphezulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo.Izinga lokufa komshayeli wesithuthuthu ngemayela elihanjiwe lilinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani liphindwe izikhathi eziyi-10 uma liqhathaniswa nomgibeli wemoto [4-7].Ngokuphikisana neabahamba ngezithuthuthu' isithombe esidumile, ngokuvamile bayiqembu elisengozini yabasebenzisi bomgwaqo.I-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [8] ibike ukuthi e-United States, i-13% yezingozi zomgwaqo ziphelele zibalwa ngabashayeli bezithuthuthu, lapho abashayeli bezithuthuthu abangu-4,462 bahileleke ukufa kanye nezithuthuthu ezingu-90,000 zalimala.Lokho kwakuyizinga eliphezulu lokuphahlazeka, kuyilapho izithuthuthu ezakha u-3% kuphela wazo zonke izimoto ezibhalisiwe kanye ne-akhawunti engu-0.4% kuphela yawo wonke amamayela ezimoto ezihanjiwe.Inani eliphelele labashayeli bezithuthuthu ababandakanyeka ezingozini lenyuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 lisuka ku-2294 ngo-1998 laya ku-5290 ngo-2008. EBrithani, nakuba abagibeli bezithuthuthu babebalelwa ku-1% kuphela wabasebenzisi bomgwaqo sebebonke, u-15% walabo abashona noma ababi kakhulu. abalimele ngesikhathi sezingozi zomgwaqo abashayeli bezithuthuthu [9].Emazweni asathuthuka, isimo siyafana.Ingxenye enkulu yezingozi zomgwaqo ezibandakanya ukufa nokulimala okubi kakhulu phakathi kwabashayeli bezithuthuthu [1,10].E-Iran, izibalo zokufa zibonise ukuthi abantu abangu-5000 bafa kwathi abangu-70,000 balimala ezingozini zezithuthuthu [11,12].IMalaysia iphakathi kwamazwe e-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) anezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu futhi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 okufa emgwaqeni kuphakathi kwabashayeli bezithuthuthu [13,14].Ukwengeza, njengoba izingane, intsha kanye nenani lezomnotho elisebenzayo lihileleke kakhulu ezingozini zezithuthuthu, ukunakwa okukhulu kuqondiswe kulolu hlobo lwengozi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuphila okulahlekile kanye nezindleko ezihilelekile [15,16].
Kubikwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-50% yezingozi zezithuthuthu zenzeka phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezingozi ezibulalayo zezimoto ezimbili phakathi kwemoto yabagibeli nesithuthuthu [17].I-Conspicuity igama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza umthamo wabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ukuze babone futhi baqaphele ukuba khona kwesithuthuthu.Imibiko emayelana nokuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu inikeze ubufakazi bokuthi izithuthuthu zazingabonwa ngabanye abashayeli bezimoto, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesiminyaminya sezimoto kanye nenkundla ebonakalayo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Iningi labashayeli bezimoto abebebandakanyeka ezingozini zezithuthuthu bathi abakwazanga ukuvimba ukushayisana ngoba bebengaziboni izithuthuthu nabagibeli bazo noma bazibone sekwephuze kakhulu [7].Izimo eziningi lapho abashayeli behluleka khona ukukhomba isithuthuthu ngesikhathi sokuphahlazeka kungenxa yokuba khona kwezinye izithiyo ezivimbela umbono womshayeli, njengokudlula kwethrafikhi, indawo noma ngaphakathi kwemoto uqobo [18,19].Abacwaningi baye babika ukuthi izingozi eziningi zangaphambili zibangelwa ukushoda kwesithuthuthu sangaphambili noma isinqumo esibi sokujika kwegebe kwesokunxele ngabanye abashayeli [20-23].
Amamodeli wereferensi yakho:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
ividiyo yereferensi yakho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto namaloli, izithuthuthu azibonakali kakhulu kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona kanye nokunquma isivinini esisondelayo, okunomthelela omkhulu emazingeni aphezulu okufa kwezithuthuthu.Izigameko eziningi zokuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu zingabangelwa abanye abashayeli, okungenzeka ukuthi bebengazi lutho ngezithuthuthu kwaze kwaba sekwephuzile [23-25].Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "okubhekiwe-kodwa-okuhlulekile-ukubona" (LBFS) [26-31].Ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu, kuhlongozwa ama-Daytime Running Lights (DRL) ukuze kudambise le nkinga.Leli phepha liqokomisa izifundo zangaphambilini zokusetshenziswa kwezithuthuthu ze-DRL, ezigxile ekusebenzeni kahle kwama-DRLs ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwezithuthuthu.
Izimpahla nezindlela
Ukuhlola imithelela ye-DRL ngokusekelwe ezincwadini ezitholakalayo, isizindalwazi esikhethiwe kanye ne-inthanethi yasetshenziswa.Imiphumela ye-DRL yabuyekezwa.Izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zezincwadi zihlonzwe ukuze kuhlolwe izifundo zenani neminye imibiko ebalulekile ethinta amathonya esithuthuthu i-DRL.
1. Ithonya lesithuthuthu i-DRL ekubonakaleni kwesithuthuthu
2. Ithonya lesithuthuthu i-DRL ezintweni ezinomthelela phakathi nezingozi zezithuthuthu
3. Ithonya lemithetho yesithuthuthu ye-DRL ezingozini zezithuthuthu
1. Ithonya le-DRL yesithuthuthu livuliweIsithuthuthuConspicuity
Ngokusekelwe emibikweni yokuhlolwa kwensimu eminingi kanye nezifundo zaselabhorethri, izithuthuthu ezinama-DRL zigqama kakhulu kunezithuthuthu ezingenazo [32-34].Ukuhlola ukubonakala okuhlobene kwezibani ezimbalwa zabashayeli bezithuthuthu, u-Donne [35] wenze ukuhlola kwenkundla kuye ngokuthi isithuthuthu satholwa futhi saqashelwa kangaki.Ukuhlola kwakusekelwe embonweni wokuthi abashayeli ngezinye izikhathi bahluleka ukubona izithuthuthu ezazingenazo izinto ezibonakalayo.Kusukela ekuhlaziyeni, kubonise ukuthi ukubonakala kwesithuthuthu kuthuthukisiwe kusuka ku-53.6% kuya ku-64.4% (kwelambu elingu-40w, 180 mm ububanzi).Ukucaciswa kwe-DRLs kwahlolwa, futhi kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi izibani ezimbili, nezibani ezingaphezu kuka-180 mm ububanzi zinomthelela omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani zosayizi owodwa noma ezincane [36].
UWilliams noHoffmann [34] benza ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri kuzo zombili izimo zemini nobusuku.Bathola ukuthi ukubukeka kwabo kwaba ngcono lapho izithuthuthu zifakwe imishayo ephakeme nephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezithuthuthu ezingenakukhanya.Ibonise ukuthi isithuthuthu i-DRL ithuthukise ukubukeka komshayeli wesithuthuthu ngokwandisa umehluko phakathi kwesithuthuthu nesizinda sakhe.
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olwenziwe e-Australia nase-United States, lapho izinqubomgomo zokusebenzisa amalambu angaphambili sezivele zisetshenziswa, u-Thomson [24] wenze ucwaningo olufanayo eNew Zealand ukuze ahlole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zangaphambili phakathi nemini kuzokwenziwa yini.ukunciphisa ukuphahlazeka kwesithuthuthu.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi inqubomgomo yokusebenzisa amalambu emini kufanele ikhuthazwe ukuthi isetshenziswe eNew Zealand, nakuba kungadingeki ukuba abashayeli bezithuthuthu bakhanyise amalambu phakathi nesikhathi sasemini.Inqubomgomo izothuthukisa ukubonakala kwezithuthuthu futhi yehlise izingozi zezithuthuthu.
Ukusebenza kwamamoduli amalambu angaphambili kwahlaziywa ngokuhlola izikhathi zokutholwa zabahlanganyeli ezimweni zokushayela zomhlaba wangempela [37].Kubikwa ukuthi ukubonakala kwezithuthuthu zabanye abashayeli bezimoto nabashayeli bezimoto kuyanda ngesikhathi kukhanyiswa amalambu azo emini.Ngesikhathi kucishwa ilambu, ukungqubuzana okungase kube khona phakathi komshayeli wesithuthuthu nabashayeli bezimoto kube kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho kukhanyiswa ilambu.Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni, kwaba sobala ukuthi ngokukhanyisa amalambu aphezulu naphansi, kanye nokushintsha amalambu emini nasebusuku kubonise ukuthuthuka kokubonakala kwesithuthuthu.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-DRL amabili kutholwe kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu e-United Kingdom yokwandisa ukubonakala kwezithuthuthu.Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwesibani sangaphambili kuvame ukufakwa ezithuthuthu, ijakhethi ye-fluorescent kanye nesibani esisodwa esigijimayo nakho kwatholakala ukuthi kunesandla ekubonakaleni kwesibani.umshayeli wesithuthuthu.Futhi, uBrendicke et al., [38] ufunde imiphumela yokusebenzisa ukukhanya okujwayelekile kwasemini kwezimoto nezithuthuthu.Bathole ukuthi kube nokuthuthuka okuncane ekubonakaleni lapho izithuthuthu zisebenzisa i-DRL.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa u-Jenness et al., [39] lubandakanya ukuqoqwa kokuhlolwa kwabahlanganyeli ngesikhathi esicatshangwayo sokuqalisa ukujika kwesokunxele endleleni yezimoto ezingenayo futhi kwahlola “isikhathi sokugcina esiphephile” ukuze baqale ukujika phambi kwezithuthuthu ezingenayo nezimbalwa.ukukhanya phambiliukwelashwa.Esivivinyweni, ukunaka kwabaphenduli kuhlukaniswe kwaba imisebenzi emibili ehlukene ebonakalayo ngaphandle kwemoto.Kube nobufakazi bokuthi ukwenzeka kwemajini okuphepha amafushane kwehliswa phakathi nokuhlolwa kokwelashwa kokukhanyisa.Ngokuvamile, umphumela ubonise indlela ethembisayo, ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izingozi “zejikela kwesokunxele endleleni” ngokuthuthukisa ukukhanya okuya phambili ezithuthuthu emini.
Esimweni esilingiswayo sokwethembeka okuphezulu, uSmither noTorrez [23] bahlole imithelela yobulili, ubudala, ama-DRL ezimoto nezimo zokukhanyisa izithuthuthu emandleni omuntu okubona isithuthuthu.Lolu cwaningo luholele ekuhlolweni kweizithuthuthuizimo ezisobala, kanye nokuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwasho ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesikhathi sokusabela sezithuthuthu ezifakwe ama-DRL nalezo ezingenawo ama-DRL.Lolu cwaningo lwembula ukuthi ama-DRL ayesebenza kahle, futhi anikeza nobufakazi obungokoqobo bokusekela ukuqaliswa kwezithuthuthu ze-DRL, kwakubalulekile ukuthi isithuthuthu sibonakale endaweni esizungezile.Ngokuhlomisa isithuthuthu ngama-DRL, kuyashesha ukusibona uma siqhathaniswa nalawo angenawo ama-DRL.
2. Ithonya le-DRL yesithuthuthu ku-Impact Factors ngesikhathiIzingozi Zezithuthuthu
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezingozi zezithuthuthu e-Victoria, e-Australia, kwatholakala ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingozi [40].Uthole ukuthi ukwenza ngcono ukubonakala kwezithuthuthu kunganciphisa ukuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu.Idatha yezithuthuthu i-DRL ehilelekile ezingozini zezimoto eziningi phakathi kuka-1976-77 ihlaziywe [18].Uma kuqhathaniswa nesampula yokuchayeka, u-50% wezinga lengozi wehliswa lapho kusetshenziswa ilambu eliphambili, okubonisa ukusizakala kokusetshenziswa kwelambu.Ukubandakanyeka kokuphahlazeka kwehlisiwe ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa amalambu emini.Nokho, kwaba nokwehla okuncane kwesilinganiso esiyinqaba esabikezelwa phakathi nesikhathi sika-1976 kuya ku-1981;kuholele ekwehleni okungaba ngu-5%.izimoto eziningiukungqubuzana phakathi nosuku.Ngo-1981, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi izingozi ezinhlanu ezibucayi zezimoto eziningi zavinjelwa e-United States lapho umthetho wokusebenzisa ukukhanya emini ungakasebenzi.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwehle phakathi kuka-4.2 kuya ku-5.6% ukushayisana kwezithuthuthu ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa ilambu lemoto emini.
Amamodeli wereferensi yakho:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
ividiyo yereferensi yakho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Ukuhlaziywa kwamafomu olwazi lomgwaqo ahlinzekwa yi-New South Wales (NSW), Amaphoyisa ase-Australia kwenziwa nguVaughan et al., [41].Ocwaningweni, zonke izithuthuthu zazibhekwa ukuthi azikho noma azikho yini amalambu asetshenziswayo.Phakathi kwezithuthuthu ezingu-1104 zikalwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-Chi-square, kube nomehluko omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwelambu nezithuthuthu ezingu-402 ezihileleke ezingozini.Mhlawumbe kwakuwukuthi labo ababekuqaphela kakhulu ukuphepha babezovula izibani zabo phakathi nosuku kunalabo ababengazisebenzisi.Phakathi kwabashayeli bezithuthuthu beqembu elikhethwe ngokungahleliwe, kwakukhona abashayeli bezithuthuthu abake babandakanyeka ezingozini.Ingozi ehlobene yokubandakanyeka engozini icishe iphindwe kathathu uma amalambu angaphambili engasebenzi.Amalambu asebenzayo emini abonakala eyindlela engenamthelela futhi ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izinga lokushayisana ngokuthuthukisa ukugqama kwesithuthuthu emgwaqeni.
3. Ithonya Lemithetho Ye-DRLs Ezingozini Zezithuthuthu
U-Allen [42], owahlola izingozi zenkampani yamabhasi, ubephakathi kwabokuqala abenza ucwaningo ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwama-DRL.Ukuthola kwakhe kubonise ukuthi ngokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwama-DRL kube yimpoqo kwehliswe ngo-40% izinga lokuphahlazeka ngemayela lesigidi esimweni sasemini uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ngaphambi kokuphoqelelwa.Imithelela yemithetho yokukhanya kwelanga kwezinye izindawo e-United States yahlolwa [43].E-United States, phakathi kuka-1975 kuya ku-1983, umthetho wokukhanyisa izithuthuthu namalambu angemuva ngaso sonke isikhathi wasetshenziswa ezifundazweni ezingu-14.Ukuqaliswa kwemithetho kwaqala ngo-1967 lapho kwaba nokunyuka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwezithuthuthu, okuphinde kube nomthelela ezingozini eziningi ezibandakanya izithuthuthu.Ukuqiniswa kwalo mthetho kube ngenxa yokwanda kobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwamalambu namalambu emini nokuzokwenza ngconoizithuthuthuconspicuity ngaleyo ndlela ukunciphisa izinga lengozi.I-Zador [43] yezifunda ezinemithetho esetshenziswayo, iphinde yathola ukwehla okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokuphahlazeka kwasemini nokushayisana kwasebusuku.Ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe kubonise ukuthi kwehle ngo-13% amaphesenti okuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu emini ezifundazweni ezinemithetho esetshenzisiwe, uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundazwe ezingazange.Kulo lonke lolu cwaningo, bekunezifundazwe ezingaba ngu-30 ebezingayisebenzisi imithetho yezithuthuthu zasemini.Uma zonke lezi zifundazwe zisebenzisa imithetho, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi ezinye eziyi-140 zazibulalaisithuthuthuukungqubuzana bekungagwenywa.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka kwenziwa e-Indian, e-Montana, e-Oregon, nase-Wisconsin ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezithuthuthu ze-DRL ngaphambi nangemuva kokusetshenziswa komthetho [33].Kodwa-ke, u-Janoff et al., [33] wehlulekile ukusungula isethi yedatha ephathekayo futhi wavumela ukuhluka okujwayelekile konyaka kokuphahlazeka kwemini nobusuku kusukela isikhathi socwaningo (ngaphambi nangemuva kokuphoqelelwa) sasiphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 kuya kweziyi-12 kuphela. .Ngokusekelwe ekutholeni okuxubile, ukuphahlazeka kwasemini bekuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphahlazeka kwasebusuku e-Oregon, Wisconsin nase-Indiana.Ngokuqhathanisa, izinga lokuphahlazeka kwasemini likhuphuke e-Montana.Ngakho-ke, uJanoff et al.uphethe ngokuthi ukubonakala kwesithuthuthu kukhuphuka ngokusetshenziswa kwe-beam ephezulu nephansiizibani zangaphambilinjengoba lehle izinga lokushayisana.
Umthetho we-Austrian "hard-wiring" we-1982 wabikwa ukuthi uyasebenza ekwehliseni inani lokushayisana kwezithuthuthu emini [44].U-Bijleved [44] ubike ucwaningo ngomphumela wama-DRL ngezithuthuthu e-European Union, owawugxile ikakhulukazi e-Austria njengoba umthetho wawusanda kuphoqelelwa ngo-1982. Ocwaningweni oluzinze eNorth Carolina, eWaller naseGriffin [45] bathola. ukuthi izinga lokushayisana kwezimoto eziningi emini emini lehlisiwe ngemva kokuphoqelelwa komthetho wamalambu ezithuthuthu.Umthelela womthetho eNorth Carolina wahlolwa ngokuhlola idatha yokuphahlazeka yeminyaka eyisithupha kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-1976. NgoSepthemba 1, 1973, umthetho waphoqelelwa, ngesikhathi lapho umsebenzi wezithuthuthu wawuncipha ngemva kokufinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo. .Iphesenti lokushayisana kwezithuthuthu liqhathaniswe namaphesenti afanayo azo zonke izingozi.Zehle kakhulu lezi zingozi ezibandakanya izithuthuthu ngemuva kokusetshenziswa komthetho.Ukwehliswa okufanayo akubonwanga kukho konke ukuphahlazeka.Ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholwe, kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi umthetho welambu lezithuthuthu ube nomthelela ekwehliseni okuhle kokushayisana kwezimoto eziningi emini.
Umthelela wempoqoisithuthuthu sangaphambili ukusetshenziswa eSingapore kusukela ngoNovemba 1995 kwahlolwa yi-Yuan [46].Akubanga khona umthelela obalulekile lapho konke ukuphahlazeka kucatshangelwa.Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuphahlazeka kuhlukaniswa ngezinga elihlukile lobunzima, kube nomthelela obalulekile ezimweni zokulimala okubi kakhulu nezimo zokuphahlazeka ezibulalayo, kodwa hhayi ukuphahlazeka okuncane.Kuphakanyiswe ukuthi ukwehla okukhulu kwezingozi ezibulalayo nezibi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphahlazeka okuncane kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamalambu emini okwandisa ukugqama kwabasebenzisi bomgwaqo uma kuphahlazeka, okwenze bakwazi ukugqashuka isikhathi eside futhi behlise isivinini [ 46].Kwakubonakala ukuthi ukwehla kwezingozi ezibulalayo kwakuwubufakazi bangempela, njengoba izinga lehla lisuka esilinganisweni sonyaka esingaba ngu-40 laya ku-24 kuphela ngemva konyaka wokugcinwa komthetho.
Ukushayisana kwasemini eNtshonalanga Australia ikakhulukazi ekubonakaleni kwesithuthuthu kusukela ngo-1989 kuya ku-1994 kwafundwa nguRosman noRyan [47].I-Australian Design Rule (ADR 19/01) yaqala ukusebenza kusukela ngo-1992, lapho zonke izithuthuthu ezintsha kufanele zilungiswe nezibani zangaphambili ezikhanya ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kusetshenziswa isithuthuthu.Kube nezinhlobo ezine zokushayisana ezicatshangelwe: ikhanda libheke phezulu, swayipha ohlangothini oluphambene nendawo, i-engeli eqondile kwesokudla ne-engeli engaqondile kwesokudla.Ukuncipha kancane kwabonwa ezingozini zasemini phakathi kwezimoto nezithuthuthu;nokho, bekungabalulekile ngokwezibalo.Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yesampula encane yezithuthuthu ezintsha phakathi naso sonke isikhathi socwaningo, kanye nokwenyuka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwezibani zasemini ngokuzithandela phakathi kwabashayeli bezithuthuthu.
Ngokusebenzisa idatha ye-NSW evela ku-Australian Road Fatality Database kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-1995, ukuhlaziya okufanayo kwenziwa ngu-Attewell [48].U-Attewell akazange ahlukanise phakathi kokushayisana okuhlobene nokubonakala nokunye, kodwa uqhathanise nje izinombolo zokushayisana kwesithuthuthu esisodwa kanye nokuphahlazeka kwesithuthuthu semoto okubangele ukulimala noma ukufa kwabagibeli bezithuthuthu okudalwe ngaphambilini noma kwangemva kokuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-Australian. Umthetho Wokuklama (ADR 19/01).Ukwehla ngo-2% kwesilinganiso sezingozi zezimoto zezithuthuthu kukho konke ukushayisana kwezinga lobunzima obuhlukile kubonise ukuthi i-ADR ibe nemithelela embalwa.Umthelela wawumkhulu ezingozini ezibulalayo;nokho, lokhu bekumayelana nezingozi ezibulalayo eziyi-16 kuphela lapho umshini weposi we-ADR uhilelekile.Sekuyiminyaka eminingana izifundazwe eziningi zase-US zisebenzisa imithetho yokuthi isithuthuthu sisebenzise izibani phakathi kwasemini.I-California yenze umthetho odinga ukuthi zonke izithuthuthu ziqinisekise ukuthi amalambu akhanyisa njalo uma injini ibasiwe kusukela ngo-1972. Ngo-1978 kuphela ukuthobela umthetho kwasebenza.Imithelela yokusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwezibani ngaphambi nangemuva kokusetshenziswa komthetho waseCalifornian yacutshungulwa [49].Isilinganiso esiyinqaba sabantu abashonile sanqunywa unyaka ngamunye kusukela ngo-1976 kuya ku-1981. Kodwa-ke, ayizange ibe khona iphethini ebalulekile etholakele, lapho u-Muller [49] kolunye ucwaningo ahlola umthetho wesithuthuthu i-DRL e-California wayekade ethembisa ukunciphisa inombolo yokuphahlazeka kwasemini.Umphumela uthole ukwehla okuncane kwenani lezingozi zezimoto eziningi.Izibani zazo zonke izimoto nezithuthuthu kufanele zikhanyiswe emini eFinland naseSweden.U-Rumar [50] wenze ucwaningo lokuhlola lwe-DRL eSweden.Ukuthola kwakhe kuveze ukuthi ukusebenzisa isibani esikhanyayo emini kunganciphisa izingozi.Kwehle izingozi eziningi zezimoto emini ngo-32% no-4% ebusuku.Lolu cwaningo luthinte ukuguqulwa komthetho eSweden nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.
Ngokusekelwe ezifundweni ezimbili e-Malaysia zokuhlaziya kuqala umthelela wesikhathi esifushane wama-DRL wezithuthuthu, u-Radin Umar et al., [51] uthole ukwehla okukhulu ezingozini eziningana zezithuthuthu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezifanayo zokuhlola izingozi ezihlobene nokubonakala phakathi kwezithuthuthu zahlaziywa [51].Imodeli ye-Radin ibonise ukuthi i-DRL yesithuthuthu ikwazile ukunciphisa ukushayisana kwezithuthuthu cishe ngama-29%.
Amamodeli wereferensi yakho:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
ividiyo yereferensi yakho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Ingxoxo
Abashayeli bezithuthuthu bathambekele ezingozini.Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuvikelwa, izingozi zezithuthuthu zidala ukulimala kanzima uma kushayisana.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izisulu eziningi kungabantu abasha, lezi zingozi ngokuvamile zibangela izinga eliphezulu lokufa kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zezomnotho nezenhlalo kulabo abalimele kakhulu.Yingakho ukwehla okumaphakathi kwenani lokuphahlazeka kuzohlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile kwabangase babe izisulu kanye nokuphila kahle komphakathi nezomnotho.
Ingozi enkulu yokushayisana okuningi kwesithuthuthu ihlale ihlotshaniswa nezinga eliphansi lokubonakala kwesithuthuthu.Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esikhulu sokuxhumana ngodaba oluhlobene nokuvela komphakathi emphakathini wabashayeli bezithuthuthu ukuze kuncengwe abashayeli bezimoto ukuthi baqaphele izithuthuthu ezingenayo.Ukushintsha izibani zangaphambili zesithuthuthu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi zizohluka ngemuva, nakuba izinga lokukhanya liphansi.Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ithuba lokutholwa okuncike ezicini zesistimu yokubonwayo, futhi kuzoqhubeka njengosizo olusebenzayo lokubonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngokwetiyori, i-DRL iyindlela yokunxephezela kokubili okulindelekile okuphansi kanye nenani eliphansi eliqondiwe.Ama-DRL azoletha umehluko onamandla abonakala ngemuva.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kufingqa ukuthi ama-DRL wezithuthuthu ayasebenza ekwehliseni ukuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu.Noma kunjalo, ukumelana nokusebenzisa ama-DRL wezithuthuthu kuwo womabili amazwe asathuthuka nathuthukile kusaqhubeka naphezu kokuphumelela kwawo okuqinisekisiwe.Lokhu kubuyekezwa kukhombisa futhi ukuthi ama-DRL wezithuthuthu awagcini nje ngokukhulisa ukubonakala kwezithuthuthu, kodwa futhi anikeza imithelela emihle ngesikhathi sokuphendula sabanye abashayeli.Ngakho-ke, e-Austria, eJalimane, eBelgium, eFrance, ePortugal nakwamanye amazwe amaningana, kuyimpoqo ukukhanyisa izibani zezithuthuthu emini.Ngenxa yemithelela emihle ekwandeni kokubonakala kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo, i-DRL yenziwa impoqo kubashayeli bezimoto futhi emazweni athile.Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuyiqoqo lobufakazi obukhona njengamanje bokuthi i-DRL yesithuthuthu ingavimbela ukuphahlazeka kwezithuthuthu.Ukuhlola okunokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni kahle kwesithuthuthu i-DRL kuzosiza ocwaningweni lokuphepha emgwaqeni, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuba nokwenzeka kwezindleko zokubeka umthetho we-DRL nokusetshenziswa kwawo emazweni lapho izinga lokufa kwezithuthuthu liphezulu.Leli phepha liphethe ngokuthi ama-DRL wezithuthuthu akwazi ukwehlisa ingozi yokushayisana cishe ngo-4 kuya ku-20%.Ukubuyekezwa futhi kusekela umbono wokuthi ama-DRL wezithuthuthu kufanele akhuthazwe ngenkuthalo emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwabagibeli bawo abangama-pillion.
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Amamodeli wereferensi yakho:
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/motorcycle-front-light-lte2115.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/lte2125-motorcycle-rear-light.html
https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-warning-equipments/led-rear-warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html
ividiyo yereferensi yakho:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN6tuL8w9jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUJD2kzVXMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruYuqTdOzig
Izindatshana ezivela ku-Bulletin ofIsimo esiphuthumayo& Ukuhlukumezeka kunikezwa lapha ngezilokotho ze-Trauma Research Center yase-Shiraz University ofIsayensi Yezokwelapha