Ukuhlola Ukuphepha Nezixazululo Zokususa Ukuqhuma
I. Isingeniso
Njengamanje, iziqhumane ezisetshenziswa emisebenzini yobuphekula bamazwe ngamazwe zibonisa umkhuba wokuhlukahluka, ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuhlakani.Ubuchwepheshe bezinhlangano zamaphekula bunamandla okukhiqiza izehlakalo zobuphekula zenuzi, zebhayoloji namakhemikhali.Uma ubhekene nesimo esisha, umhlaba usushintshile usuka ekulweni nobuphekula waya ekuvimbeleni ukuhlasela kwamaphekula okucekela phansi okukhulu.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuphepha buye bathuthukiswa ngendlela engakaze ibonwe, futhi imininingwane yemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha esetshenziswayo ikhuphuka njalo.
Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesidingo semakethe embonini yokuhlola ezokuphepha kubangele ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwamabhizinisi embonini yokuhlola ezokuphepha.Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kanye nemikhiqizo ye-EOD kunzima ngokobuchwepheshe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amabhizinisi atshala imali eningi kwezobuchwepheshe.Kodwa okujabulisayo ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha kwezwe lami kanye nemikhiqizo engaqhumi bekulokhu kusungulwa izinto ezintsha, futhi izinto zokusebenza zasekhaya ziye zatshalwa emsebenzini wokuvikela umphakathi kanye nokuvimbela umphakathi.Njengamanje, umshini we-X-ray ovame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu wokuhlola ukuphepha uthuthukile kusukela kumsebenzi owodwa olula ukuya emisebenzini eminingi, kusukela emshinini ohlukile ukuya emshinini obanzi nezinye izindlela.Amabhizinisi asungula nemikhiqizo ye-EOD efana nokuqhunyiswa kwe-laser neziqhumane zokutholwa nge-laser ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zokuphepha komphakathi.
2. Isimo samanje
Ngokuthuthuka kwesimo somhlaba sokulwa nobuphekula, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ukuphepha buthuthuka kancane kancane bubheke ekuthuthukisweni nasekunembeni.Ukuhlolwa kokuvikeleka kudinga ikhono lokuhlonza izinto futhi kuzuzwe ama-alamu azenzakalelayo ngezinga le-alamu elingamanga eliphansi.Okuncane, akuphazamisi imisebenzi evamile yabasebenzisi, ibanga elide, ukungathinteki, kanye nokutholwa kweleveli yamangqamuzana kuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe yesikhathi esizayo.
Okwamanje, izidingo zemakethe zezinga lokuphepha, ukunemba kokutholwa, isivinini sokuphendula kanye nezinye izidingo zokusebenza zemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha zihlale ziba ngcono, okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwekhono lokusungula ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza embonini yemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha. .Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba, ngaphezu kwemishini yokuhlola ezokuphepha, izisebenzi ezihlola ukuphepha nazo kudingeka zibambisane nokuhlola.Njengoba inkimbinkimbi yokuhlolwa kwezokuphepha iqhubeka nokwanda, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa kokuphepha okwenziwa ngesandla kuyehla, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okukhaliphile kwemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha sekuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.Kulo mongo, umkhawulo wokungena wemboni yemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha uzophinde uphakanyiswe.
Nokho, imikhiqizo evame ukusetshenziswa (ubuchwepheshe) isenayo imikhawulo ethile esobala futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zabasebenzisi.Njengomsebenzisi wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuhlola ukuphepha, okukhathaza kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwezisetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola izimpahla eziyingozi.Uma sikhuluma ngokunengqondo, izinkomba eziwumgogodla zokutholwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi yilezi: okokuqala, izinga le-alamu elingamanga linguziro, futhi izinga le-alamu elingamanga lingaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo;okwesibili, isivinini sokuhlola singahlangabezana nezidingo zesicelo;okwesithathu, into yokuthola kanye no-opharetha Izinga lomonakalo odalwe kanye nomthelela endaweni ezungezile kudingeka kuncishiswe.
3.Ukubaluleka Kokwakha
Iningi lemikhiqizo yokuhlola ukuphepha kwasekhaya yilena: isekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokuhlola ukuphepha;ukuze kutholwe into eyodwa noma isigaba sezinto, kunemikhiqizo embalwa engafinyelela ukusetshenziswa okuningi emshinini owodwa.Isibonelo, lapho kuhlolwa ukuphepha, izinto ezitholwayo zensimbi ezibanjwa ngesandla, amasango ensimbi okuvikela, imishini yokuhlola ukuphepha (imishini ye-X-ray), iziqhumane nezitholi zezidakamizwa, nokusesha okwenziwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kubasebenzi nemithwalo, okuvamise ukuvela. esetshenziswa ezikhumulweni zezindiza, emigwaqweni engaphansi komhlaba, eminyuziyamu, ezindlini zamanxusa, eziteshini zempahla, amachweba, izindawo ezikhanga izivakashi, izindawo zezemidlalo namasiko, izikhungo zezingqungquthela, izikhungo ze-expo, imicimbi emikhulu, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi, izibambiso zeposi, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla kanye nokulethwa okucacile, amabutho okuvikela emngceleni, amandla ezezimali, amahhotela, izikole, imithetho yezokuphepha zomphakathi, amafekthri Amabhizinisi, neminye imikhakha ebalulekile yezindawo zomphakathi.
Izindlela ezinjalo zokuhlola ukuphepha zinezindawo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kanye nokufaneleka, futhi kunzima ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela eyodwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzi wokuphepha.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zemishini yokuhlola ukuphepha ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuthola..Ezindaweni nezidingo ezahlukahlukene, abasebenzisi abahlukene bangahlanganisa ngokunengqondo izindlela ezingenhla ngokuya ngezidingo zabo kanye namazinga okuphepha.Lolu hlobo lwemishini yokuhlanganisa edidiyelwe kanye nesixazululo esiphelele kuzoba umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa wohlelo lobuchwepheshe lokuhlola ukuphepha esikhathini esizayo.
4.Izixazululo Zokwakha
1. Izixazululo
Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kanye ne-EOD kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezikhumulweni zezindiza, ezitimeleni, emachwebeni, emisebenzini emikhulu nasezindaweni ezibalulekile ezingaguquki, njll. Kuhloswe ngayo ukuvimbela ukuqhuma nobugebengu obunobudlova, futhi kusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kubantu, izinto ezithwetshiwe, izimoto nezindawo zokusebenza. .Ithola ikakhulukazi usongo lweziqhumane, izibhamu nezikhali, izinto ezivutha umlilo, amakhemikhali aqhumayo, izinto ezikhipha imisebe, izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi nezinsongo zegesi enobuthi ezithwalwa noma ezikhona kubantu, ezintweni, ezimotweni, ezindaweni, futhi kuqede lezi zinsongo ezingaba khona .
Umdwebo wohlelo lwesistimu yokuphepha
Isibonelo: Esikhumulweni sezindiza, singahlanganisa zonke izinto ezishiwo ngenhla zokuhlola ukuphepha nezindlela zokuhlola ukuphepha kubagibeli ukuze siqinisekise ukuphepha komuntu siqu nempahla yabanye abagibeli esikhumulweni sezindiza.
1).Emnyango wehholo lesikhumulo sezindiza, singamisa indawo yokuqala yokuhlola ezokuvikela, futhi sisebenzise iziqhumane nemishini yokubona izidakamizwa ukuze sihlole kuqala bonke abagibeli abangena esikhumulweni sezindiza ukuze sibone ukuthi abagibeli baziphethe yini noma bathintene neziqhumane nezidakamizwa.
2)Umshini wokuhlola ukuphepha uyasethwa esangweni lamathikithi ukuze uhlole amaphakheji noma imithwalo ethwalwa abagibeli futhi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi abagibeli baphethe izinto eziyingozi noma ezingekho emthethweni yini.
3）.Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa umthwalo, amasango ensimbi afakwa eziphasejini ukuze kubhekwe izidumbu zabagibeli ukuthi aziphethe yini izinto eziyingozi zensimbi.
4)Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa umshini wokuhlola ukuphepha noma umnyango obona insimbi, uma kuvela i-alamu noma kutholakala izinto ezisolisayo, abasebenzi basesikhumulweni sezindiza bazosebenzisana nomtshina wensimbi obanjwe ngesandla ukwenza uphenyo olunzulu kubagibeli noma emithwalweni yabo, ukuze kuzuzwe lokho. inhloso yokuhlolwa kwezokuphepha.
2.Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
Impahla yokuhlola ukuphepha isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela umphakathi ukulwa nobushokobezi, izikhumulo zezindiza, izinkantolo, abaphathi, amajele, iziteshi, iminyuziyamu, izindawo zokuzivocavoca, izikhungo zemihlangano nemibukiso, izindawo zokusebenza, izindawo zokuzijabulisa nezinye izindawo ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingakwazi ukuhlonyiswa ngemishini ehlukene ngokusho kwezindawo ezahlukene namandla okuhlola ukuphepha, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nemishini ehlukahlukene.
3. Isixazululo Inzuzo
1). Umtshina wensimbi owuketshezi ophathwayo
Imikhiqizo yangaphambilini: umsebenzi owodwa, thola kuphela insimbi noma uketshezi oluyingozi.Kudla isikhathi futhi kudinga kakhulu ukusebenza, amadivaysi amaningi ayadingeka ukuze kutholakale okunye ngesikhathi sokutholwa, okuthatha isikhathi eside futhi okunzima ukusebenza.
Umkhiqizo omusha: Isebenzisa indlela yokuthola izinto ezintathu kokukodwa, eletha ukunethezeka okuhle ku-opharetha.Ingakwazi ukubona uketshezi lwamabhodlela okungelona elensimbi, uketshezi lwebhodlela lensimbi nomsebenzi wokuthola insimbi ngokulandelana, futhi idinga kuphela ukushintsha phakathi kwakho ngenkinobho eyodwa.Ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola ukuphepha.
2) Isango Lokuvikeleka
Umkhiqizo odlule: Umsebenzi owodwa, ungasetshenziswa kuphela ukuthola izinto zensimbi ezithwalwa ngumzimba womuntu
Imikhiqizo emisha: Ukufundwa kwesithombe sekhadi likamazisi, ukuqhathanisa nokuqinisekiswa kofakazi, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuphepha komzimba womuntu, ukuthwebula isithombe okuzenzakalelayo, ukutholwa kwe-MCK yocingo oluphathwayo, ukuqoqwa kolwazi oluyisisekelo, ukuhlaziya izibalo zokugeleza kwabantu, ukugadwa kwezisebenzi ezibalulekile, ukuhlonzwa kokuphepha komphakathi ukujaha nokubaleka. , ukuqapha nokuyala okukude, Ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi yezinga eliphezulu, ukwesekwa kwesinqumo sesexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nochungechunge lwemisebenzi kuhlanganiswa kokukodwa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganwetshwa: Ingakwazi ukunweba i-alamu yokutholwa kwemisebe, i-alamu yokutholwa kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, kanye ne-alamu yokutholwa kwesici somzimba kubasebenzi abahloliwe.Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuphepha ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezihlukahlukene, ezitimeleni ezingaphansi komhlaba, iziteshi, imicimbi ebalulekile, imihlangano ebalulekile nezinye izindawo.
3）. Uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha olusheshayo oluhlakaniphile
Isebenzisa i-X-ray ehamba phambili yobuchwepheshe bokuskena be-fluoroscopic kanye nedizayini yokuthola iluphu, ingabona ukuhlolwa kokuphepha ngesikhathi esisodwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo nezikhwama ezincane ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokushesha, ukusebenza kahle nokuphephile, ngaphandle kokusesha mathupha, futhi ibone ngokunembile ingaphakathi nengaphakathi. ngaphandle komzimba womuntu kanye nemithwalo ethwalwayo.Izinto eziwumgunyathi nezifihliwe, okuhlanganisa izindwani, izibhamu nezinhlamvu, imimese yobumba, uketshezi oluyingozi, amadiski e-U, iziqophamazwi, izimbungulu, iziqhumane eziyingozi, amaphilisi, amaphilisi nezinye izinto ezithengiswa ngensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezingahlolwa, futhi ukutholwa kubanzi.
Izinto zokusebenza zingabuye zifakwe izesekeli ezihlakaniphile ezifana nokuqashelwa kobuso nezinye izinhlelo zokuhlola ezihlakaniphile, izinhlelo zezibalo zedatha yabasebenzi nezinye izesekeli ezihlakaniphile ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi ukuze kubonwe ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okukhaliphile endaweni enkulu yedatha.
